Question

Explore some of the new database technology including: NoSQL, Hadoop, and IMDB. Discuss each item. Include the definition of each as well as how each can be used in the Management Information System environment. What is NoSQL? How does NoSQL store and retrieve data? What is a major advantage of NoSQL databases? Who uses no SQL databases? What is Hadoop? What does it mean that Hadoop is ‘open source?’ What is a major advantage of Hadoop databases? Who uses no Hadoop databases? What is an in-memory database (IMDB) database management system? How is it different from NoSQL and Hadoop? What is the impact of using this database type on data rates? Where are IMDBs used? Use Table 5.6 to show some leading IMDB providers.

Answer 1

NOSQL:

NoSQL is commonly known as "Not Only SQL".It is an alternative to relational databases in which data is placed in tables and data schema is designed before the database is built. It is useful for working with large sets of data. NoSQL databases are unstructured in nature.it is an open source development model.MongoDB is recognized as the leading NoSQL database.

How does NoSQL store and retrieve data?  

In NoSQL, data can be stored in a schema-less or free-form. Any data can be stored in any record. the NoSQL databases, provide four common models for storing data, which lead to four common types of NoSQL systems:

• Key-value Pair Based
• Column-oriented Graph
• Graphs based
• Document-oriented

Key-value Pair Based

It is one of the most basic types of NoSQL databases. Data is stored in key-value pairs. It is designed in a way to handle lots of data and heavy load. Key-value pair storage. In this type of data stores in a hash table where each key is unique, and the value can be a JSON, BLOB(Binary Large Objects), string, etc. This type of NoSQL database is used as a collection, dictionaries, associative arrays, etc. Key value stores help the developer to store schema-less data. They are best for shopping cart contents.

Column-oriented Graph

which stores data tables as columns rather than rows. Read and write is done using columns rather than rows. It sectioning out columns allows for excellent scalability and give high performance. Examples: HBase, BigTable, HyperTable.

Graphs based

In a Graph Base NoSQL Database, a flexible graphical representation is used which is perfect to address scalability concerns. Graph structures are used edges, nodes and properties which provides index-free adjacency.edges and nodes are used to represent and store data. These nodes are organized by some relationships with one another, which is represented by edges between the nodes. Both the nodes and relationships have some defined properties.

Document-oriented

The data which is a collection of key-value pairs is compressed as a document store but somehow similar to a key-value store, the only difference is that the values stored provide some structure and encoding of the managed data. XML, JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), BSON (binary encoding of JSON objects) are some common standard encodings.  

What is a major advantage of NoSQL databases?

It is working on a large set of data.

NoSQL seems to work better on both unstructured and unrelated data.

NoSQL databases give up some features of the traditional databases for speed and horizontal scalability.

NoSQL is low cost: While being low cost, NoSQL is also an open-source database, that provides an awesome solution for smaller enterprises to opt this at affordable prices.

What is Hadoop?

Hadoop is an open-source software framework for storing data and running applications on clusters of commodity hardware. It provides massive storage for any kind of data, enormous processing power and the ability to handle virtually limitless concurrent tasks or jobs. It is a software that allows for parallel computing over large data. It is an enabler of NoSQL databases which can allow for data to be spread across thousands of servers with little reduction in performance. Hadoop can handle various forms of structured and unstructured data, giving users more flexibility for collecting, processing and analyzing data.