Question

Demonstrate the power of the Containment Theory of Walter Reckless with regard to the idea of “balance”. Some theories of delinquency lack balance because they do not include both the internal factors in delinquency and the external factors. Containment Theory solves this problem. Explain how!

Answer 1

Social control theory is used to help us understand and reduce levels of criminal activity. It's based upon the idea that an individual's basic belief system, values, morals, commitments and relationships foster a lawful environment. Individuals who have these beliefs and commitments often have a level of self-control over their actions or are, as Janet Jackson would say, 'in control' of their lives - they are accordingly prepped to stay on the right side of the law.

Furthermore, social control theory examines how society influences criminal behavior. It also underscores the idea that when individuals are involved and in touch with their community, they are less likely to commit criminal acts.

Social Control Theory

Social control theory was developed by Travis Hirschi in 1969. It's also known as the social bond theory. Under the social control theory, individuals break the law due to a breakdown with their societal bond. Moreover, Hirschi refers to four elements which constitute the societal bond. These bonds include:

Attachment to other individualsCommitment to following rulesInvolvement by typical social behaviorsBelief - a basic value system

When one of these four items break down, Hirschi hypothesizes that an individual may then participate in criminal activities. For example, if one ceases to engage in typical social behavior (involvement) or have contact with other individuals (attachment), one may have the time to become involved in deviant criminal activity.

Additionally, under social control theory, external or internal controls can cause a person to refrain from acting in a criminal way. When an individual engages in criminal activity, the activity is due to a lack of social control from the individual's family or from law enforcement.

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