Question

Please show all work

In a 1993 article in Accounting and Business Research, Meier, Alam, and Pearson studied auditor lobbying on several proposed U.S. accounting standards that affect banks and savings and loan associations. As part of this study, the authors investigated auditors’ positions regarding proposed changes in accounting standards that would increase client firms’ reported earnings. It was hypothesized that auditors would favor such proposed changes because their clients’ managers would receive higher compensation (salary, bonuses, and so on) when client earnings were reported to be higher. The following table summarizes auditor and client positions (in favor or opposed) regarding proposed changes in accounting standards that would increase client firms’ reported earnings. Here the auditor and client positions are cross-classified versus the size of the client firm.

You will need to type in the FOUR pieces of data into Minitab, along with column headings LARGE and SMALL (firms). Data go into the white cells in Minitab, starting with row 1. Column headings go in the grey shaded cells in Minitab. Do not type in the totals, as those are not new pieces of data.

a) Auditor Positions

	Large Firms	Small Firms	Total
In Favor	19	124	143
Opposed	10	24	34
Total	29	148	177

(b) Client Positions

	Large Firms	Small Firms	Total
In Favor	26	106	132
Opposed	20	25	45
Total	46	131	177

(a) Test to determine whether auditor positions regarding earnings-increasing changes in accounting standards depend on the size of the client firm. Use α = .05. (Round your expected frequencies to 2 decimal places. Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)

x^2 = ___ ; so (Click to select)Reject/Do not reject H₀: independence for auditor positions regarding earnings-increasing changes.

(b) Test to determine whether client positions regarding earnings-increasing changes in accounting standards depend on the size of the client firm. Use α = .05. (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)

x^2 = ____ ; so (Click to select)Reject/Do not reject H₀: independence for client positions regarding earnings-increasing changes.

(d) Does the relationship between position and the size of the client firm seem to be similar for both auditors and clients?

	No
	Yes

Answer 1

a)applying chi square test:

Expected	Ei=row total*column total/grand total	large	small	Total
	IN favour	23.43	119.57	143
	Opposed	5.57	28.43	34
	Total	29	148	177
chi square    χ2	=(Oi-Ei)2/Ei	large	small	Total
	IN favour	0.8370	0.1640	1.001
	Opposed	3.5210	0.6900	4.211
	Total	4.358	0.854	5.212

from above :

X² =5.212 (try 5.214 if this comes wrong)

Reject H₀:

b)

X² =10.700 (try 10.685 if this comes wrong and revert)

reject H₀

d)

Yes