Question

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3. a. what is the current global status of the use of flow reactors and what is the emerging tecnology in that field? b. As an example of utilization of applying environmental solution during the reactor design, the production of propylene glycol by propylene oxide hydration will be considered. This is a well-known process, described in detail by Fogler (1999). The flow sheet considered is presented in Figure ASS The whole plant involves other stages that are not shown, where the principal is the reactor for partial oxidation of propylene with air or oxygen Figare 3: Process Flowect In a first stage water is mixed with propylene oxide at a molar ratio ranging from 10 to 20. The reactor effluent is separated in a dehydration column. Then vacuum distillation columns separate the glycols (mono, di and tripropylene glycol) Due to an exothermic reaction, the temperature of the reactor effluent reaches 130°C In this case study, please mention whether there are environmental impacts of -depletion of abiotic resources (DAR), 2 human air toxicity (HAT) human water toxicity (HWT), 4 human soil toxicity (HST), saquatic ecotoxicity (AET), 6terrestrial ecotoxicity (TET), 7-photochemical oxidant formation (POF)

Answer 1

a) Flow reactors indeed important to the manufacturing industry. Flow reactors are safe with reduced reaction time. Better control of exothermic reactions. Easy scale-up of the plant. Proper management of corrosive and toxic reactant.

As the advancement in flow reactors, a plug flow reactor is improved as the tubular, continuous and agitated reactor. The impeller is fitted in the reactor with a jacket.

computer technology has advanced so much that this boon is used to predict the outcomes of the process; its disposal;  harmful consequences of raw material, product, the process involved and effluents

Environmental norms and strict permissible limits can be followed using this simulation technology

1)

DAR: Depletion of Abiotic resources: applied to the process streams that leave the process given by:

(Pmix)f'
=

X(i) : molar flow rate

And

P(i) : Characteristic factor

I and Pmix are the values for the DAR indicator

2) Human Air Toxicity (HAT) depends on which environment exit the steams leave the process (air, water or land)

x(i): flow rate

P(i): Characteristic factor depending on the system into consideration

i and Pmix are the value of the HAT (air, water, and soil) exits from the process into different environmental exit named as

Human water toxicity (HWT); Human Air Toxicity (HAT); Human soil Toxicity (HST)

3) Considering the same above equation the Aquatic ecotoxicity and Terrestrial ecotoxicity indicator are given.

x(i): flow rate

P(i): Characteristic factor

i is the value in the particular system into which stream exits and Pmix is the value either for aquatic or terrestrial ecotoxicity for the particular stream

4)

Considering the same above equation the POF (photochemical oxidation formation) indicator are given.

x(i): flow rate

P(i): Characteristic factor

I and Pmix is the value for POF for particular stream