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15. Assume a three-bit message is to be transmitted. To clear the encoder two zero-bits are appen...
Assume that a bit sequence "10000000" has been transmitted through a transmission media using parity bits. Two bits have been altered in the path and the receiver has received it as "10000011". will the receiver be able to detect the error. Justify your answer.
The probability that a bit transmitted through a digital transmission channel is received in error is 0.1. Assume that the transmissions are independent events, and let the random variable X denote the number of bits transmitted UNTIL the FIRST error. (a) What is the name and parameter(s) of the probability distribution of X? (b) Find mean and variance of X. (c) Find P(X ≥ 2). (d) Find P(X ≥ 4|X > 2).
Consider a noisy communication channel, where each bit is flipped with probability p (the probability that a bit is sent in error is p). Assume that n−1 bits, b1,b2,⋯,b(n−1), are going to be sent on this channel. A parity check bit is added to these bits so that the sum b1+b2+⋯+bn is an even number. This way, the receiver can distinguish occurrence of odd number of errors, that is, if one, three, or any odd number of errors occur, the...
A message is sent over a noisy channel. The message is a sequence 1,2,... .*n Of n bits (ri E 0, 1)). Since the channel is noisy, there is a chance that any bit might be corrupted, resulting in an error (a 0 becomes a 1 or vice versa). Assume that the error events are independent. Let p be the probability that an individual bit has an error (0 < p < 1/2). Let yì,U2, . . . ,Un be...
assume we want to send a dataword of two bits using FEC based on the Hamming distance. Show how the following list of dataword/codewords can automatically correct up to a one bit error in transmission dataword-codeword 00- 00000 01- 01011 10- 10101 11- 11110
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(15 points) The bit stream 1110 0111 1010 is transmitted using the standard CRC algorithm described in the book. The generator polynomial is r + x + x + 1. Show the actual bit string transmitted. Suppose that the THIRTEENTH (13th) bit from the left in the transmitted message is inverted during transmission. Show that this error is detected on the receiver's end. Show every step in your calculations for...
8. There are three urns. Urnl contains 2 white and 3 black marbles, Urn2 contains 3 white and 2 black marbles, and Urn3 contains 1 white and 4 black marbles. First, the urn is selected equally likely, than a ball is drawn from the urn. a) We know that a white marble is chosen. What is the probability that the marble came from Urn2? b) We know that a black marble is chosen. What is the probability that the marble...