Question

what would be my percent yield if i retrieved 3.1020 grams of soap? thank you, please show all work.

SAPONIFICATION (HYDROLYSIS OF A FAD Fats and edible oils consitute a special class of esters called riglycerides in which alcohol part of the molecule, the trihydroxy compound glycerol, forms with three molecules of various long-chain carboxylic acids (called fatty acids). Ty reactions of simple esters can also be carried out on fats and oils,i acid-or-base-catalyzed hydrolysis. three ester linkages carboxylic acids (called fatty acids). Typical ncluding Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters is called saponification and in the case of fats the products of the reaction are glycerol and a mixture of the sodium salts of the long-chairn carboxylic acids, called soap. 40-c-(CH2),-CH) НОН 3 NaOH H-O OH In spite of the strongly polar carboxylic anion, normal solubility of these sodium salts is prevented by the extreme non-polarity of the large alkyl groups (average ~16 C atomis). These molecules cannot dissolve individually in water but assemble together to form spherical clusters called micelles with the long alkyl groups in the interior, out of contact water, and the carboxylate anions all concentrated at the surface of the sphere, interacting electrostatically with the polar water molecules and stabilizing the micelle structure micelles are sub-microscopic in size, a typical strong soapy solution containing ely 10" micelles per mL. Non-polar dirt, stains, oily grime, etc., which are n water are, however, readily soluble in the non-polar micelle interiors and insoluble i accounts for the cleaning, detergent action of soap. Most commercial soap is made by base-catalyzed hydrolysis of waste industry but any animal or vegetable fat or oil can be utilized. For our experiment, a liquid vegetable oil such as corn oil will be used for the base-catalyzed hydrolysis. fats from the meat EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: -In a stirring rapidly with a spatula. Measure 11 mL (assume-0.0125 moles) of the oil supplied (example: vegtible, almond, olive, peanut, etc) in a graduated cylinder and add it to the sodium hydroxide solution. Using a hot plate heat the beaker in a pan of boiling water. Stir frequently to keep the oily and aqueous phases in contact with each other. After approximately 40 minutes, add 5 mL additional water and mix thoroughly to homogenize the pasty mass. Heat and stir for 20 or more minutes to complete the hydrolysis. 6o1. 5 mL HO, In a separate beaker, heat 150 mL water to near-boiling and carefully pour it, with stirring. into the reaction beaker. Stir until complete solution is obtained, using the spatula blade to crush and disperse the suspended blobs of soap and glycerol. Do not press too hard! The "salting out" procedure is used next to reduce the solubility of the soap and to cause it to precipitate. Soap micelles are not stable in water containing high concentrations of salts. Add 35'g NaCI to the beaker and stir until it is all dissolved. The glycerol and excess NaOH remain in solution but the soap molecules precipitate and float to the top of the salted water. Cool the soap suspension with ice to room temperature and filter on a Buchner funnel. To remove the glycerol and the residual excess NaOH (injurious to the sk portions (15-20 mL) of saturated NaCl solution, briefly breaking the v washing step. Finally wash the soa residual NaCI. Soap will not lather sufficiently (form micelles) if salt is present. When filtration is complete, use a spatula to carefully lift the sheet of filter paper and soap out of the Buchner funnel. Mold the soap into the shape of a small bar and allow it to air-dry until the following week. At that time weigh it and calculate the theoretical and percent yield n!), wash with 2 p twice with minimum portions of water to remove the assuming your soap is sodium palmitate, CH,(CHCoo Na You can test the soap by washing your hands with it. Do not use on your face in case thereis still some NaOH present in it. For the same reason, rinse your hands thoroughly after testing the soap. Describe your observations in your notebook. Waste Procedures (ALL underneath the hood): Beaker (1): Basic Filtrate (contains NaC/Oil/Trace NaOH) Please leave your soap, on a paper towel, in the hood

Answer 1

Atording tothe amale ester gives3 mole Socliom palmitate = 807 s Cweigh - 192 31 323 278 tonveston fao maletuler weight of

8 07 834 3. 06 967 %

Saluho 14 we know Phet soap foymedl by base