Question

Activity 10 Part II. Polarity Name: There are three basic types of chemical bonds and many ways that these can be classified. Generally the types of bonds are based upon the elements present in the bond; therefore, an ionic bond generally occurs between a metal and a nonmetal atom, covalent bonds exist between two nonmetal atoms and a metallic bond exists between two metal atoms. This definition although useful is not completely correct. Bonding can be defined by how the electrons are shared between the atoms and the atom's ability to hold onto those electrons. The electromegativity of the atom defines this ability. The electronegativities can also be used to determine the strength and polarity of bonds that exist in the compound. Given the name or formula of an element or a compound, how do you decide which type of bond is most lskely to occur between the pairs of atoms? The fourth column is for the electronegativity difference, where AEN ENI-EN, the absolute value of the difference in electr negativity, EN, between the atoms being considered. Polarity exists in a bond when the atoms involved are not equal in strength and the stronger atom pulls the electron density towards itself. Polarity in the molecule exists when the electron density of the atoms and bonds are not evenly distributed over the structure of the compound Table 1. Electronegativities, Bonding and Polarity EN EN Average Type of Bonding Polarity of the Compoundfssecond EN EN element element HF HBr CsF Naci Polar Covwalent Polar Covalent polar 21 4.0 3.0 3.3 onic onic Non polar Covalent Non polar Cevalent Polar Covalent Polar Covalent 4.0 Non pelar 3.0 4.0 2.1 3.5 2.5 2.1 0.5 I CI 2.5 2.5 Non polar non CH Polar Covalent 2.1 Non Polar covalentpolar 0.9 3.0 Critical Thinking Questions: 1. Determine the average electronegativity between EN, and EN2 for each bond in the table above. Based on the data in Table 1, what combination of AEN glven and average EN values leads to ionic bonding? 2. Based on the data in Table 1, what combination of AEN and average EN values leads to 3. Based on the data in Table 1, what combination of AEN and average EN values leads to polar 4. How can a compound that contains polar covalent bond, form a molecule that is non polar? non polar covalent bonding? covalent bonding?

Critical thinking questions

1) Determne the average electronegativity between EN1 and EN2 for each bond in the table above. Based on the data on table 1, what combination of ΔEN given and average EN values leads to ionic bonding?

2) Based on the data in table 1, what combination of ΔEN and average EN values leads to non polar covalent bonding?

3) Based on the data in table 1, what combination of ΔEN and average EN values leads to polar covalent bonding?

4) How can a compounds that contains polar covalent bond, form a molecule that is non polar?

PLEASE HELP ME.

Answer 1

Hey.... I will try my best to help you with your query.. In this article mainly types of bonding and the factors which govern them are discussed. Electronegativity is one of the factors on which the type of bonding depends.

Answer 1) The average Electronegativity between EN1 and EN2 are given below -

a) average EN(HF) =2.1+4/2 = 3.05

b)average EN(HBr) = 2.1+2.8/2 = 2.45

c) average EN(CsF) =0.7+4/2=2.35

d)average EN(NaCl) =0.9+3/2=1.95

e)average EN(Al2O3) =0.9+3.5/2=2.2

f)average EN(F2) =4+4/2=4

g)average EN(C) =2.5+2.5/2=2.5

h)average EN(Cl) =2.5+3/2=2.75

I)average EN(CF4) =2.5+4/2=3.25

j)average EN(H2O) =2.1+3.5/2=2.8

k)average EN(CS2) =2.5+2.5/2=2.5

l) average EN(NH3) =3+2.1/2=2.55

The combinations of $\Delta EN$ and average EN which lea$\Delta EN$ds to ionic bonding are-

• $\Delta EN$ =3.3 , average EN=2.35 for CsF
• $\Delta EN$ =2.1 , average EN =1.95 for NaCl
• $\Delta EN$ =2.6 , average EN = 2.2 for Al2O3

Answer 2-

• The following combinations of deltaEN and average EN values leads to non polar covalent bonding
• $\Delta EN$ =0 , average EN =4 for F2
• $\Delta EN$=0 , average EN =2.5 for C
• $\Delta EN$=1.5, average EN =3.25 for CH 4
• $\Delta EN$​​​​​​​ =0 , average EN = 2.5 for CS2

Answer 3-

• The following combinations of delta EN ans average EN values leads to polar covalent bonding
• $\Delta EN$ =1.9 , average EN =3.05 for HF
• $\Delta EN$ =0.7 , average EN =2.45 for HBr
• $\Delta EN$ =0.5 average EN =2.75 for ICl
• $\Delta EN$=1.5, average EN = 3.25 for CF4
• $\Delta EN$=1.4, average EN =2.8 for H2O
• $\Delta EN$ =0.9, average EN = 2.55 for NH3

Answer 4)

A compound containing polar covalent bond can form a non polar molecule if the net dipole moment of the molecule is zero. Since, dipole moment is a vector quantity thus it depends upon the geometry of the molecule. For example as in case of CF4 molecule.