W.R., a 32-year-old woman, felt a small, hard, painless lump in her left breast during regular self-examination. The lump did not disappear during the next few days, so she went to her physician for an examination. Tests followed, and a biopsy confirmed the presence of a malignant tumor. The tumor (1.5 cm) was removed, as well as five lymph nodes, two of which contained malignant cells. No other metastases appeared to be present. Courses of radiation and chemotherapy were recommended after a 6-week recovery period, and the prognosis appeared good.
1. Regular self examination of the breast helps in early diagnosis of the breast cancer which gives option of excision of the tumor followed by radio and chemotherapy thereby avoiding mastectomy
2. The treatment strategy is excision of primary tumor with lymph node resection as the tumor is less than 2 cm in size with preservation of breast and post surgical radiotherapy and chemotherapy to prevent recurrence
3. As a histopathological first for the confirmation of diagnosis I would look for stromal invasion by the ductal epithelium further for the purpose of prognosis I would look for vascular and perineural invasion.In the lymph nodes I would look for metastatic deposits in from the primary tumor. If metastasis is not obvious I would search for it in the subcortical region of the lymph node
Later a immunohistochemistry for ER and PR receptors would be done on the tumor to determine the harmone sensitivity of the tumor - chemotherapy
4.Chemotherapy with harmonal modulation could lead to tumors in the other breast and endometrium
Radiotherapy may cause fibrosis in the axilla leading to enlargement of the entire upper limb
There may be recurrence and tumor in the other breast due to limited resection only in the place of modified radical mastectomy
W.R., a 32-year-old woman, felt a small, hard, painless lump in her left breast during regular self-examination. The lump did not disappear during the next few days, so she went to her physician for a...
Mrs. Ann thompson, age 52, felt a small hard, painless lump in the upper outer quadrant, of her left breast during a regular breast exam. Her mom and cousin had breast cancer. She has no children and still has a mentrual cycle. After seeing her doctorand having a mammogram , biopsy was scheduled., which confirmed nodule was maligant. only two axillary lymph nodes were positive for tumor cells. the prognosis appeared to be good, but the oncologist recommended a course...
Ms. Y is a 31-year-old woman who reported to her physician that she has recently lost weight, always seems tired, and has experienced night sweats. A few months ago, she had noticed a small firm lump on her neck that was painless and not tender, so she ignored it. Closer physical examination revealed a swelling of several lymph nodes in the neck and throat region. A blood test indicated a decreased lymphocyte count and a lymph node biopsy revealed the...
The Case Study in Cancer Part I Ann is a 27-year-old nurse working at the local hospital in surgery. She had worked hard to move into the specialty, and she was enjoying her career, friends, and family. She and her partner had been living together for about a year, and she was content. As a nurse, Ann knew the importance of doing breast self-exams, and did them regularly. In the shower one morning, she felt a lump she wasn’t familiar...