Question

All work must be shown. That is, you need to show the steps and calculations you used to arrive at every answer for credit - For example, I need to see which two numbers you divided to arrive at a particular S? value, F-ratio value, etc. The "Pygmalion Effect" refers to the effect of teacher expectations on student academic achievement and performance (for the classic study on this phenomenon, see Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968; for a more recent review of research in this area, see Jussim & Harber, 2005). More specifically research has shown that teachers do form differential expectations of students, and that some students internalize these expectations in ways that manifest in their academic performance. A social psychologist interested in the Pygmalion effect wondered if this effect on academic performance generalized to performance on 1Q tests, and whether the Pygmalion effect (i.e., the effect of teacher expectations) on IQ scores might also depend on the age of students (that is, are students of varying ages more/less susceptible to the effect of their teacher's expectations?) To study this, the researcher sampled seventy-two student participants of two different age groups from local schools, thirty-six of whom were 7 years of age and another thirty-six of whom were 16 years of age. To study the effect of teacher expectations, the teachers of students from both age groups were then told that "some" of the students in their class were on the "verge of an intellectual growth spurt" (the students identified to teachers as being on the verge of such a growth spurt were selected completely at random). Hence, these students com Expectations group. An equal number of students were then randomly assigned to a control group, where their teacher was told nothing - the Normal Expectations or conditions, m participants were given IQ tests. T prised the High group (these two groups, here were 18 participants in each cell, or group (total number Carry out the Analysis of Variance to see if participants' IQ scores were affected by the ade up the Teacher Expectations "Factor", or IV). At the end of the study of participants 72) tations Factor, the Student Age Factor, or the interaction between the two. That is do teacher expectations influence students' 1Q scores and, age of the a table of cell means on the following page (higher scores indicate higher IQ if so, does the effect depend on the student? Hypothetical data in the form of participants' mean IQ scores are presented in → Please write your answers in the spaces provided on the following pages. 2ANOVA Summary Table SHOW your CALCULATIONS within the table Source Age (columns) df S (or MS) Decision Teacher Expectations (rows) Age x Expectations (interaction) Within 2352 309 790 Total Fenefr for "Age" main effect (dficolian or Numerator, &dfw or Denominator Fcut for "TeacherExpectation" main effect (dfsows or Numerator, & dfw or Denominator- Fonoet for Age x Expectation interaction (dfisteacn or Numerator,& diw or Denominator:S 3451 Use the F4ableen op, 676679 of your text todemnine the cuicffvalue, if yourdfis not lai·daest dnost value] Describe the Results for each possible effect (place answers in space provided Where effects are statistically significat (Null Rejected), your description *MUST refer refer to the names of the variables in this study (both IVs For Factors 1 and DVs) 1) Is there a statistically significant main effect of the Age rv? Ifnot, indicate so. If so, describe (description must refer to IV and DV by name). 2) Is there a statistically significant main effect of the Teacher Expectation Ⅳ? If not, indicate so. If so, describe (description must refer to IV and DV by name. 3) Is there a statistically significant interaction between the Age IV and the Teacher Expectations IV? If not, indicate so. If so, describe (remember description must refer to both of the IVs.and DV by name.as well as all a 3) Make a line graph of the results. Be sure to label each axis, including a label for the DV on the Y axis. Also include a "legend". Place the Age IV/factor on the horizontal axis and the Teacher Expectations IV/factor in the legend 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95

Answer 1

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