Question

Name Anthroposcopy 7. Section Date Part 1 Materials Needed OAs many skuls as available to set out Take a look at each of the skulls in your lab. Compare them for the presence of any of the traits indicated below. All of these traits fall within the normal range of human variation, but some of them are present at a somewhat quency in certain populations than in others. Although some may be caused by disease agents or trauma, most are caused by genetic processes. Your appreciation of the breadth of human skeleton variation should increase as you observe more bones and more features at stations for observation (abeled with letters or numbers higher fre- If you observe any of the following anomalies or features listed below in your skeletal collection, note the station and describe what you see. 1 Frequently, within the lambdoidal suture, small bones are "trapped" within the suture lines. These typically are referred to as wormian bones (one example of which is an Inca bone). Do you see any skulls with these bones? 2 On the frontal bone, do any of the skulls have a suture line down the middle? A certain percentage of people have retained the metopic suture throughout life. 3 An osteoma is a benign bony outgrowth, most often found on skull and facial bones. They are slow growing and asymptomatic. Are there any skulls in your collection with such bumps on the skuli? Any with other signs of disease? If so, describe briefly below. 4 A mandibular torus is common (found in almost 10% of the US population, for example, and more common in some other populations). You may notice a bony growth on the lingual (inner) side of at least one of the mandibles in your lab collection and also may have at least one classmate who notices such a bulge in his/her own mouthl These can be felt and seen easily and often are bilateral (on both sides of the mandible). If seen, note it below 5 Avre all the teeth erupted? Do any skulls appear to be from a fully adult individual but missing the third molar? maxilla or the mandible? This relatively common condition is known as M3 agenesis 6 Do any of the skulls show signs of disease? f so, descibe. 7 Describe the sites of muscle attachment on any skulls in which they are more obvious. Look for ugosity (roughness) on the occipital bone in the nuchal region (where the muscles attach for the back of the neck), a marked temporal line running anteroposteriorly across the parietal bone, and particularly large mastoid processes 8 Do any skulls show signs of trauma to bone? If so, describe them 9 How many total skulls did you examine? 10 Individual differences in the skeleton are apparent. Why do individuals vary from one another? What is the basis for this variation? LAB EXERCISE 7.5 continued Part 2 1 Match figures A through I with the descriptions below. Harris lines Wormian bones rickets cribra orbitalia M3 agenesis VI. eprosy retained metopic suture syphilis osteoarthritis IV. V. You have now used many of the techniques that would normally be undertaken for a forensic anthropology analysis 217 Forensic Anthropology Chapter 7

Answer 1

7.5

Part 2

I G Harris lines

II Wormian bones H

III RICKETS I

IV cribra orbicularis D

V M3 agenesis A

VI leprosy C

VII retained metotopic suture B

VIII syphilis E

IX OSTEOARTHRITIS F