Question

tive system, which converts raw food materials into products usable by cells Chapter 1 Organization of the Human Body3 enary system, which removes wastes and excess water uctive system, by which new individuals of the species are produced the cellular reactions that sustain life together make up metabolism, which can be d nd anabolism. In catabolism, complex substances are broken down into simpler into catabolism les. When the nutrients from food are broken down by catabolism, energy is re molec is stored in the compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for use by the cells. In anabolisn. ener compounds are built into substances needed for cell activities. the systems work together to maintain a state of balance or homeostasis. The main mec for maintaining homeostasis is negative feedback, by which the state of the body is t conditions within set limits. In this process, a sensor gathers information eter. A control center compares the sensor input with its set point and, if necessary, alters to keep keep about a regulate e an effector to return the parameter closer to the set point. Hormones and electrical signals between the different components. the a impulses act as The human body is composed of large amounts of fluid, the amount and composition of which must be constantly regulated. The extracellular fluid consists of the fluid that surrounds the cells as well as the fluid circulating in blood and lymph. The fluid within cells is the intracellular fluid. Study of the body requires knowledge of directional terms to locate parts and to relate various to each other. Planes of division represent different directions in which cuts can be made h the body. Separation of the body into areas and regions, together with the use of the special human terminology for directions and locations, makes it possible to describe an area within the body with great accuracy sal cavity is subdivided into the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity (canal). The ventral cavity is subdivided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Imaginary lines are used to divide the The large internal spaces of the body are cavities in which various organs are located. The dor- abdomen into regions for study and diagnosis. Addressing the Learning Objectives 1. DEFINE THE TERMS ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY EXERCISE 1-1 Write a definition of each term in the spaces below 1. Anatomy 2. Physiology 3. Pathology

Answer 1

ANATOMY: is the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.

PHYSIOLOGY: is the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their bodily part functions.

PATHOLOGY:is related to the science of the causes and effects of diseases, especially the branch of medicine that deals with the laboratory examination of samples of body tissue for diagnostic or for forensic purposes.