Question

Chapter 1 Oranization of the Human Body3 Digestive system, which converts raw food materials into products . Urinary system, which removes wastes and excess water usable by cells . Reproductive system, by which new individuals of the species are produced All the cellular reactions that sustain life together make up into catabolism and anabolism. In catabolism, complex substances are broken down into simpler molecules. When the nutrients from food are broken down by catabolism, energy is released. This energy is stored in the compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for use by the cells. In anabolism, simple compounds are built into substances needed for cell activities metabolism, which can be divided All the systems work together to maintain a state of balance or homeostasis. The main mecha- nism for maintaining homeostasis is negative feedback, by which the state of the body is the si to keep conditions within set limits. In this process, a sensor gathers parameter. A control center compares the sensor input with its set point and, if necessart. a the activity of an effector to return the parameter closer to the set point. Hormones impulses act as signals between the different components gnal information about a regulated lters e human body is composed of large amounts of fluid, the amount and composition of which The extracellular fluid consists of the fluid that surrounds the cells must be constantly regulated. as well as the fluid circulating in blood and flu lymph. The fluid within cells is the intracellular fluid. Study of the body requires knowledge of directional terms to locate parts and to relate various parts to each other. Planes of division represent different directions in which cuts can be made through the body. Separation of the body into areas and regions, together with the use of the special terminology for directions and locations, makes it possible to describe an area within the human body with great accuracy The large internal spaces of the body are cavities in which various organs are located. The dor- sal cavity is subdivided into the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity (canal). The ventral cavity is subdivided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Imaginary lines are used to divide the abdomen into regions for study and diagnosis. Addressing the Learning Objectives 1. DEFINE THE TERMS ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY EXERCISE 1-1 Write a definition of each term in the spaces below. 1. Anatomy 2. Physiology 3. Pathology

Answer 1

1 Anatomy is the branch of science which deals with the bodily structure of humans ,animals and other living organisms,especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.

2 Physiology is the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

3Pathology is the science of the causes and effects of diseases.it deals with the branch of medicine that deals the laboratory examination of samples of body tissue for diagnostic or forensic purposes.