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Materials Needed per class: 1 box of 24 microscope slides of meiosis 1 1 box of 24 microscope slides of meiosis 2 red and yellow popbead chromosome kits Objectives To become familiar with the process of meiosis and to be able to identify the principal phases of meiosis To understand how the process of meiosis is similar to mitosis and how it differs from mitosis Introduction The genetic information of a cell is encoded in DNA that, in eukaryotic organisms, is organized into linear chromosomes. All the cells of any species of organism contain a certain constant number (N) of different chromosomes. The chromosomes differ in that each carries genetic information for different traits. For humans, N = 23; each cell of the human body contains 23 different types of chromosomes. In the cells of most multicellular organisms, however, the chromosomes occur in pairs; human cells contain 46 chromosomes, two of each of the 23 different types. The pairs of chromosomes are called homologs, or homologous chromosomes, because they carry genetic information for the same traits. Cells containing pairs of chromosomes are said to be diploid (2N). During sexual reproduction a reproductive cell (gamete, egg) from the female parent fuses with a reproductive cell (gamete, sperm) from the male parent forming a zygote. From the zygote develops the new individual. Thus, through sexual reproduction an offspring receives genetic information from two different parents. However, in order to preserve the diploid number of the species from generation to generation, it is 87

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Answer 1

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