Question

Match the following terms to the correct definition. 1. term used to describe the double stranded chromosomes present after DNA replication alleles A. cell division that results in the formation of B 4 cells each containing haploid number of chromosomes crossing over division of the cytoplasm type of cell division that results in the formation of 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent cell pairing of homologous sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis pair of chromosomes containing genes for the same traits at the same loci cytokinesis C. diploid D. haploid E. homologous chromosomes F. exchange of exact segments of chromosomes between nonsister chromatids G. meiosis alternative forms of a gene complex composed of 4 strands of chromosomes which results from synapsis term which describes cells containing of each chromosome pair term which describes cells containing H. mitosis sister chromatids I. one J. synapsis

Match the following terms to the correct definition

Answer 1

Sister chromatids (see figure below)

Meiosis (see table below)

Cytokinesis (it occurs after telophase, when the parental nucleus has divided into 2 daughter nuclei, now to form 2 cells, cytoplasm should also divide, so it divides by the process of cytokinesis, in animals cytokinesis occur by cell membrane formation and in plants by cell wall formation)

Mitosis (see table below)

Synapsis (it is a very important process of meiosis since it results in exchange of genetic material via crossing over at certain region of the tetrad so formed. Evolutionary, it is very significant because it leads to variations).

Homologous chromosomes (see figure below)

Crossing over (during synapsis, when homologous chromosomes pair up, they exchange their genes at a certain region, this process is called crossing over, it leads to recombination and hence, variations).

Allele (alternates of a gene, example gene for height has two alleles, tall and short).

Synaptonemal complex (formed during synapsis)

Haploid (single set of all chromosomes).

Diploid (2 sets of chromosomes).

Answers are written in bold.

Note -

There is always confusion between chromosomes, sister chromatids, non sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes. So, to understand all these terms, see diagrams below -

CHROMATID CENTROMERE NON SISTER CHROMATIDS SISTER CHROMATIDS HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

CHROMOSOME chromatids sister chromatids DUPLICATED CHROMOSOME centromere

Meiosis	Mitosis
Reductional division	equational division
The number of chromosomes in daughter cells is half the number of chromosomes in parent cell	the number of chromosomes in daughter cells and parental cell are equal to each other
Occurs in germline cells and give rise to gametes	occurs in somatic cells and causes cell division for growth of our body
Leads to crossing over and recombination and therefore cause variations	crossing over and hence does not lead to variations

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