Question

Please answer?!

It has been proposed that the increased sympathetic activity directed towards the heart during exercise may contribute to the increased stores of Nitrite in the myocardium that result from exercise training. Briefly describe how sympathetic activation during exercise can increase myocardial stores of nitrite. Please include any relevant receptors and enzymes in your response. (2 pts) Doxorubicin is a potent chemotherapy agent used in cancer treatment that belongs to a broader class of drugs known as of cancer cells. (1 pt) These types of drugs damage DNA and prevent cell division Doxorubicin can have myotoxic effects on both cardiac and skeletal muscle. As a result, an increased total exposure to doxorubicin is associated with which well-known cardiovascular condition? (1 pt) Exercise training can prevent some of the skeletal muscle atrophy that take place with chemotherapy. It does this by preventing the increased expression of cellular proteases (enzymes that contribute to protein degradation) that normally results from treatment with doxorubicin. Name 2 protease enzymes whose increase following Doxorubicin treatment has been shown to be prevented by exercise training. (1 pt)

Answer 1

1. It is true that exercise training has been shown a reduce to many risk factors linked to cardiovascular diseases. For instance, due to increased exercise, the report shown a reduction in blood pressure, reduction in cholesterol, obesity and insulin. Nitrite is a signaling molecule and regulator of gene expression in mammalian tissues. It helps in vasodilatation and protects the heart from ischemic heart diseases.

2. ANTHRACYCLINES- it is an antibiotic and have broad spectrum anti-cancer activity.

3. An increased exposure to Doxorubicin ( chemotherapy drug) which leads to a cardiotoxicity and results in Congestive Heart Failure.

4. In regard to protecting skeletal muscle from damaging the effects of doxorubicin, exercise training and protease enzymes have shown as an effective intervention for protecting heart and skeletal muscles. The protease enzymes used are Calpain and Caspase -3.