The first step in the commercial production of titanium metal is the reaction of rutile (TiO2) with chlorine and graphite:
TiO2(s) + 2Cl2(g) + 2C (s) TiCl4(l) + 2CO (g)
Use the following data to calculate Keq for this reaction at 25° C.
Formula | ?H°f (KJ/mol) | S° (J/K mol) |
TiO2(s) | -944.0 | 50.6 |
Cl2(g) | 0 | 223.0 |
C (s) | 0 | 5.7 |
TiCl4(l) | -804.2 | 252.3 |
CO (g) | -110.5 | 197.6 |
TiO2(s) + 2Cl2 (g) + 2C (s) TiCl4(l) + 2CO (g)
Ho = Hof(products)-Hof(reactants)
Ho =Hof(TiCl4) + 2 x Hof (CO) - (Hof(TiO2)+2 x Hof(Cl2) + 2 x Hof(C))
Ho = -804.2 + 2 x (-110.5) -(-944.0 + 2 x 0 +2 x 0)
Ho = -1025.2 + 944.0 kJ/mol
Ho = -81.2 kJ/mol
So = Sof(products)-Sof(reactants)
So =Sof(TiCl4) + 2 x Sof (CO) - (Sof(TiO2)+2 x Sof(Cl2) + 2 x Sof(C))
So = 252.3 + 2 x (197.6) -(50.6 + 2 x 223.0 +2 x 5.7)
So = 647.5 - 508.6 J/K mol
So = 138.9 J/K mol
Go = Ho - TSo
Go = -81.2 kJ/mol - 298 x 138.9 J/K mol
Go = -122.59 kJ/mol
Go = -RT ln Keq
-122.59 x 103 J/mol = - 8.314 J mol-1 K-1 x 298 K x ln Keq
ln Keq = 122590/2477.57
ln Keq = 49.47
Keq = e49.47
Keq = 3.082 x 1021
The first step in the commercial production of titanium metal is the reaction of rutile (TiO2) with chlorine and graph...
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