Question

Draw the ether formed when ethyl alcohol is heated in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

Draw the ether formed when ethyl alcohol is heated in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.
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Concepts and reason

In organic chemistry, ethers are a functional group that contains (R-O-R)
bonding, and ‘R’ is an alkyl group (Ex methyl, ethyl or aryl groups).

The oxygen atom is bonded to two alkyl groups. The ethers are non-polar by nature. The alcohol undergoes an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction to produce symmetrical ethers.

The nucleophilic oxygen of alcohol attacks the electrophilic carbon of alkyloxonium ion, leading to the removal of water molecule.

Fundamentals

The synthesis of ethers takes place from alcohol under acid catalyst. The mechanism of the reaction mainly involves of three steps:

Step.1: Protonation of alcohols.

Step.2: Nucleophilic substitution(S2)
.

Step.3: Deprotonation to give symmetrical ethers.

The mechanism of the reaction is given below:

-о—н
н
Нас
HSO4
Hас
ОН
Н
ФО
с

The mechanism of the reaction is given below:

CHЗ
НО
Н
CHз
Hас
H20
Hзс
н

The mechanism of the reaction is given below:

H2SO4
CHз
Hас
CHз
Нас
HH
HSO4

Ans:

The mechanism for production of the ethers, when ethyl alcohol is heated in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid is given below:

Step.1
S—о—H
н
Нэс
HSO4
Нас
ОН
Step.2
Но
CH3
н
Нас
CHз
НаС
+ H.о
н
Step.3
Нас
CH3З
CH3 H2SO4
Нас
HSO4
+
т
ОО—Т

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