(1) Mitochondria regulate the concentration of calcium ions in the cytoplasm, by allowing the ions to equilibrate across...
(1) Mitochondria regulate the concentration of calcium ions in the cytoplasm, by allowing the ions to equilibrate across the mitochondrial membrane. If the mitochondrion has a membrane potential of –150 mV relative to the cytoplasm, and the cytoplasmic concentration of Ca2+ is 1 μM, what is the mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration? Assume a temperature of 37 C.
(2) The membrane calcium pump of the malarial parasite Trypanosoma cruzipumps out calcium ions from the parasite cell interior, hydrolyzing one molecule of ATP per ion transported. If the concentration of calcium in the host’s blood is 1.4 mM, the ATP/ADP ratio is 1000, the concentration of phosphate inside the parasite is 25 mM, and the membrane potential is 155 mV, inside negative, calculate the steady state concentration of Ca2+ inside the parasite. Assume a temperature of 37 C.
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(1) Mitochondria regulate the concentration of calcium ions in the cytoplasm, by allowing the ions to equilibrate across...
Problem 14.21 - Enhanced - with Solution 19 of 19 Assuming a membrane potential across the inner ...
Problem 14.21 - Enhanced - with Solution 19 of 19 Assuming a membrane potential across the inner membrane of 177 mV (inside negative), calculate the ratio of the [Ca2 matrix to that in the cytoplasm(Cthat would exist at equilibrium (i.e, AG 0) Express your answer using two significant figures. in the ReviewI Constants Periodic Table Calcium is an important regulator of the citric acid cycle. Calcium is transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane by the negative potential inside the matrix....
A cell biologist interested in the transport of calcium ions (Ca2+) across the plasma membrane of...
A cell biologist interested in the transport of calcium ions (Ca2+) across the plasma membrane of bacterial cells made the following measurements on bacterial cells at 25°C: Vm = -150 mV [Ca2+] outside = 20 mM [C a2+] inside = 0.4 mM Constants: R = 1.987 cal/mol degree; T = Temperature in Kelvin (273+ °C) , F=23062 cal/mol volt, z=charge of the molecule, Vm =membrane potential in V. Note: ∆Ginwards = +RTln([in]/[out]) + zFVm 94. What is the free energy...
The transport of Na+ ions across a membrane, from a region where the concentration is 1 μM to a region where it is 100 μM, is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. Transport is opposed by a membrane poten...
The transport of Na+ ions across a membrane, from a region where the concentration is 1 μM to a region where it is 100 μM, is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. Transport is opposed by a membrane potential of 70 mV. Assuming energy coupling is 100% efficient, the hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP can drive the transport of how many moles of Na+ at 37˚C if the ΔG for ATP hydrolysis is -53.4 kJ/mol under intracellular conditions?
NUMBER 10 PLEASE -Kor Cor The Henry's law constant of oxygen in water at 25 °C...
NUMBER 10 PLEASE
-Kor Cor The Henry's law constant of oxygen in water at 25 °C is 773 atm mol'' kg of water. Calculate the molality of oxygen in water under a partial pressure of 0.20 atm. Assume that the solubility of oxygen in blood at 37 °C is roughly the same as that in water at 25 °C, comment on the prospect for our survival without hemoglobin molecules. The total volume of blood in the human body is about...
1. Animal cells have a Na,K pump that couples the energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport 3 Na ions out of the cell and 2 K ions into the cell. Inside astrocytes, the concentration of Na is 20 mM and th...
1. Animal cells have a Na,K pump that couples the energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport 3 Na ions out of the cell and 2 K ions into the cell. Inside astrocytes, the concentration of Na is 20 mM and the concentration of K is 130 mM. The extracellular concentrations of Na and K are 145 mM and 5 mM, respectively. Calculate the energy required for the transport of Na and K , with this stoichiometry; assume that the cell...
(a) For the following conditions, calculate the change in the Gibbs energy associated with transporting 1...
(a) For the following conditions, calculate the change in the Gibbs energy associated with transporting 1 mole of sodium ions from inside to outside the cell. Is work required or produced? Outside: [Na+] = 130 mM [K+] 5 mM Electrical potential = 0 mV [Na+]= [K 110 mM Electrical potential =-70 mV Temperature 25 °C Inside: 10 mM (b) For the same conditions, calculate the change in the Gibbs energy associated with transporting 1 mole of potassium ions from outside...
8. The movement of protons out of the mitochondrial matrix establishes an electrochemical H gradient across...
8. The movement of protons out of the mitochondrial matrix establishes an electrochemical H gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The electrochemical potential of this gradient is harnessed to synthesize ATP. This is known as the (A) Hydrophobic effect IqChemiosmotic theory (B) Acid catalysis (0) Michaelis-Menten mechanism _9. Which of the following statements about mitochondria and their lon and metabolite transporters is FALSE? (A) Controlled impermeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to most ions and metabolites allows for the generation...
HW 11-1 Recall that the Na + concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside...
HW 11-1 Recall that the Na + concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na + ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na + concentration outside the cell ( [ Na + ] out ) is 149 mM and that inside the cell ( [ Na + ] in ) is 19.0 mM, and the cell potential is −...
change pas channels in the volta t ive protein to change shape. This A of the...
change pas channels in the volta t ive protein to change shape. This A of the S l e terminal siste oplasmic reticum calcio p r eneule warcoplasm reticulum sodium ions m o nster transverse tubules sarcolemma: calcium ions Saroplasmic reticum: triadsarcolemma: calcium ions sons bind to This causes a change in shape and exposing C D E Calcium vesicle tylcholine action potential Sodium sarcolemma calcium on myosin heads Sodium sacoplasmic reticulum calcium ions actin 15. An attaches to exposed...
1. According to the paper, what does lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) do and what does it allow...
1. According to the paper, what does lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) do and what does it allow to happen within the myofiber? (5
points)
2. According to the paper, what is the major disadvantage of
relying on glycolysis during high-intensity exercise? (5
points)
3. Using Figure 1 in the paper, briefly describe the different
sources of ATP production at 50% versus 90% AND explain whether you
believe this depiction of ATP production applies to a Type IIX
myofiber in a human....
Problem 14.21 - Enhanced - with Solution 19 of 19 Assuming a membrane potential across the inner membrane of 177 mV (inside negative), calculate the ratio of the [Ca2 matrix to that in the cytoplasm(Cthat would exist at equilibrium (i.e, AG 0) Express your answer using two significant figures. in the ReviewI Constants Periodic Table Calcium is an important regulator of the citric acid cycle. Calcium is transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane by the negative potential inside the matrix....
NUMBER 10 PLEASE
-Kor Cor The Henry's law constant of oxygen in water at 25 °C is 773 atm mol'' kg of water. Calculate the molality of oxygen in water under a partial pressure of 0.20 atm. Assume that the solubility of oxygen in blood at 37 °C is roughly the same as that in water at 25 °C, comment on the prospect for our survival without hemoglobin molecules. The total volume of blood in the human body is about...
(a) For the following conditions, calculate the change in the Gibbs energy associated with transporting 1 mole of sodium ions from inside to outside the cell. Is work required or produced? Outside: [Na+] = 130 mM [K+] 5 mM Electrical potential = 0 mV [Na+]= [K 110 mM Electrical potential =-70 mV Temperature 25 °C Inside: 10 mM (b) For the same conditions, calculate the change in the Gibbs energy associated with transporting 1 mole of potassium ions from outside...
8. The movement of protons out of the mitochondrial matrix establishes an electrochemical H gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The electrochemical potential of this gradient is harnessed to synthesize ATP. This is known as the (A) Hydrophobic effect IqChemiosmotic theory (B) Acid catalysis (0) Michaelis-Menten mechanism _9. Which of the following statements about mitochondria and their lon and metabolite transporters is FALSE? (A) Controlled impermeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to most ions and metabolites allows for the generation...
change pas channels in the volta t ive protein to change shape. This A of the S l e terminal siste oplasmic reticum calcio p r eneule warcoplasm reticulum sodium ions m o nster transverse tubules sarcolemma: calcium ions Saroplasmic reticum: triadsarcolemma: calcium ions sons bind to This causes a change in shape and exposing C D E Calcium vesicle tylcholine action potential Sodium sarcolemma calcium on myosin heads Sodium sacoplasmic reticulum calcium ions actin 15. An attaches to exposed...
1. According to the paper, what does lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) do and what does it allow to happen within the myofiber? (5
points)
2. According to the paper, what is the major disadvantage of
relying on glycolysis during high-intensity exercise? (5
points)
3. Using Figure 1 in the paper, briefly describe the different
sources of ATP production at 50% versus 90% AND explain whether you
believe this depiction of ATP production applies to a Type IIX
myofiber in a human....
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