Question

1 What are the disadvantages and advantages of birth control pills, IUD, and over-the-counter methods. 2. Why would a person use emergency contraception, and how does it work? 3. What are the abortion procedures used in each trimester of pregnancy? 4. What are the presumptive signs of pregnancy, the probable signs and the positive signs of pregnancy? 5. Pregnancy is divided into 3 trimesters, what happens in each? 6. Describe the three stages of labor and delivery. 7. What are some obstacles to fertilization, and some things that aid in fertilization? 8. What are some causes and treatment options for infertility?

Answer 1

1) Advantage of birth control pills,IUD,over the counter medication are

a)It helps in regularise the menustral cycles : people with PCOD have irregular menustration due to hormonal imbalance by restricting the ovulation the menustral cycles can be regularised

b)It prevents uterine,ovarian cancers.

c) Psychological peace as sex life is not hampered .you don't have to bother about the ovulation days and fertile days .

d)It relives pre menustral sympotoms like mood disorders,acne,abdominal pain.

e)it prevents excessive bleeding and thus reduce the women's risk of getting anemia .

Disadvantages of contraceptive pills and IUD are

a) It causes mild side effects like tender breast,headaches,mood disorders.

b) inconsistent use may lead to failure of contraception

d)It doesn't prevent from sexually transmitted disease .

2)People may use emergency contraceptive pills when barrier precautions have failed like and slipped condom,torn condom .or when they forget regular contraceptive pills .

Emergency contraceptive works by delaying the release of egg or ovulation.And thus preventing fertilization.

3)Abortions at different trimester

1st trimester :Medical management can be used for abortion like misoprostol and methotrexate.it depletes the folic acid in the fetal embryo thus disintegrating it and expelling out of the uterus or tubes .

2nd trimester:A combination of vaccum abortion and dilatation and curretage is fine in which a forcep is used to remove the fetus and placenta or a vaccum is place at the mouth of cervix and sucked the fetus or placenta

3rd trimester: Abortion in the third trimester may have legal implications as most of the states ban abortion after 24 weeks .Only of the mothers health is in jeopardy or if there is intrauterine fetal death . induction abortion is mostly used one which the mother is started on IV medicines. For inducing labor and the concieved material is expelled out .

4)pregnancy shows various signs

Presumptive signs are the early signs of pregnancy which may indicate that you may be pregnant.the various signs are fatigue, amenorrhea,vaginal spotting, Acidity,heart burn,back pain,breast tenderness, prominent nipples.

Probable symptoms are signs in which tells a high chance that you are really pregnant:positive blood test for beta hcg,hegars sign which is softening at the lower part of uterus, Chadwick sign in which the labia colour may be blue due to vacularity,goodells sign in which the labia majora and minora and cervix will be ripe due to increased blood flow .

Positive signs : Presence of fetal heart beatgl on ultrasound, visualization of the fetus in ultrasound,feeling of the fetal movement,mild contractions.