Question

UNIT 11 CARING FOR CLIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS Introduction to the Gastrointestinal System and Accessory Structures LEARNING OBJECTIVES t, Identify major organs and structures of the gastroin- and accessory organstc tests cerformed on cli- 4. Discuss physical assessments that provide informa tion about the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract testinal system. Discuss important information to ascertain about gas trointestinal health. 5. Describe common es with gastrointestinal disorobiy 3, Identity facts in the client's history that provide pert7 nent data about the present iliness 6. Describe nursing measures after liver biopsy 7. Explain nursing management of clients undergoing diagnostic testing for a gastrointestinal disorder SECTION 1: ASSESSING YOUR UNDERSTANDING Activity A Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct word from the options given in parentheses 1. TheGI tract begins at the mouth and allows for the direct visual examina- ends at the jejunum. (upper, middle, lower) tion of the lumen of the GI tract. (Gastrointestinal endoscopy, Radionuclide imaging, Lower gastrointestinal series) 2. The client may receive up to three cleansing enemas unless contraindicated in prior to a-_ preparation for this test. (radionuclide imaging, lower a gastrointestinal series, cholangiography) bacterium, is believed to be respon- sible for the majority of peptic ulcers. (Salmonella, Shigella, Helicobacter pylori) 3. A client must havepror to a percutane- ous liver biopsy, as bleeding is a major complication. coagulation studies, an ultrasound, CT scanning) Activity B Write the correct term for each description L. This portion of the GI tract begins at the ileum and ends 3. This test, contraindicated in pregnant women, requires at the anus._ women who are lactating to pump and discard their breast milk so that the nursing child remains safe from radioactivity 2 In this test, to facilitate observation of the rectum, sig- moid colon, and descending colon fluoroscopically during filling, the examiner directs the client to make multiple position changes.-

Answer 1

Activity A

1. The upper GI tract begins at the mouth and ends at the jejunum
2. The client may receive upto three cleansing enemas prior to a lower gastrointestinal series unless contraindicated in preparation for this test.
3. A client must have coagulation studies prior to a percutaneous liver biopsy, as bleeding is a major complication.
4. Gastrointestinal endoscopy allows for the direct visual examination of the lumen of the GI tract.
5. Helicobactor pylori , a bacterium , is believed to be responsible for the majority of the peptic ulcers

Activity B

1. This portion of the GI tract begins at the ileum and ends at the anus, lower GI tract
2. In this test, to facilitate observation of the rectum, sigmoid colon and descending colon fluroscopically during filling, the examiner directs the client to make multiple position changes, lower gastrointestinal series
3. This test, contraindicated in pregnant women, requires women who are lacatating to pump and discard their breast milk so that the nursing child remains safe from radioactivity, radionuclide imaging

Activity C

1. Cholangiography- determines the patency of the ducts from the liver and gallbladder
2. Upper gastrointestinal test - this procedure involves a fluroscopic study of the entire upper GI tract. it diagnoses structural abnormalities in the esophagus such as tumors,strictures, varices and hiatal hernia. structural abnormalities below the esophagus include gastric tumors,peptic ulcers and numerous gastric disorders
3. Magnetic resonance imaging- used to visualize soft tissue structures. it is used to examine GI structures when CT scan is inadequate
4. Radionuclide imaging - detects lesions in the liver and pancreas and assists in evaluating gastric emptying
5. Small bowel series - fluroscopy of the small intestine after the ingestion of a contrast medium, it is used to identify tumors, inflammation or obstruction in the jejunum or ileum
6. Lower gastrointestinal series- used to identify polyps, tumors, inflammation, strictures and other abnormalities of the colon;1000 to 1500 ml of barium solution is instilled rectally. The rectum, sigmoid colon and descending colon are observed fluroscopically during filling
7. computed tomography- may be performed to detect structural abnormalities of the GI tract. These tests help detect metastatic lesions that might not be apparent on regular GI x-rays
8. magnetic resonance elastography- tha resulting images enable physician to ascertain the firmness of the liver, thus allowing them to better predict clients who are at risk for developing fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis
9. oral cholecystography - identifies stones in the gall bladder or common bile duct, tumors or other obstructions. the test also determines the ability of the gall bladder to concentrate and store a dislike, iodine- based, radioopaque contrast medium
10. ultrasonography- shows the size and the location of the organs and outlines structures and abnormalities; helps detect cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, pyloric stenosis and some disorders of the biliary system
11. enteroclysis - requires oral and nasal placementof a flexible feeding tube,the tip of which is positioned in the proximal jejunum;contrast media fill in and pass through the intestinal loops.the examiner observes the intestine continuously by fluroscopy and takes periodic x-raysof the various sections of the small intestine