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8.15 Lemma. Let p be a prime and let a be a natural mumber not divisible by p. Then there exist integers x and y such t...
please prove lemma and theorems. 8.17 is not needed, thank you 8.15 Lemma. Let p be...
please prove lemma and
theorems. 8.17 is not needed, thank you
8.15 Lemma. Let p be a prime and let a be a natural number not divisible by p. Then there exist integers x and y such that ax y (mod p) with 0xl.lyl 8.16 Theorem. Let p be a prime such that p (mod 4). Thenp is equal to the sum of two squares of natural numbers. (Hinl: Iry applying the previous lemma to a square root of- mohulo...
please prove proofs and do 7.4 7.2 Theorem. Let p be a prime, and let b...
please prove proofs and do
7.4
7.2 Theorem. Let p be a prime, and let b and e be integers. Then there exists a linear change of variahle, yx+ with a an integer truns- farming the congruence xbx e0 (mod p) into a congruence of the farm y (mod p) for some integer 8 Our goal is to understand which integers are perfect squares of other inte- gers modulo a prime p. The first theorem below tells us that half...
8.20 Question. Which natural mumbers can be written as the sum of two squares of natural raumbers? State and prove the...
8.20 Question. Which natural mumbers can be written as the sum of two squares of natural raumbers? State and prove the mast general theorem possible about which natural numbers can be written as the sum of two suares of nutural numbers, and prove it. We give the most gencral result next. 8.21 Theorem. A natural number n can be written as a sum of two squares of natural mumbers if and only if every prime congruent to 3 modulo 4...
7.23 Theorem. Let p be a prime congruent to 3 modulo 4. Let a be a natural number with 1 a< p-1. Then a is a quadrut...
7.23 Theorem. Let p be a prime congruent to 3 modulo 4. Let a be a natural number with 1 a< p-1. Then a is a quadrutic residue modulo pif and only ifp-a is a quadratic non-residue modulo p. 7.24 Theorem. Let p be a prime of the form p odd prime. Then p 3 (mod 4). 241 where q is an The next theorem describes the symmetry between primitive roots and quadratic residues for primes arising from odd Sophie...
please prove the theorems, thank you very much 8.21 Theorem. A natural numbern can be written...
please prove the theorems,
thank you very much
8.21 Theorem. A natural numbern can be written as a sum of two squares of natural numbers if and only if every prime congruent to 3 modulo 4 in the unique prime factorization of n occurs to an even power Pythagorean triples revisited We are now in a position to describe the possible values for the hypotenuse in a primitive Pythagorean triple. 8.22 Theorem. If (a, h, e) is a primitive Pythagorean...
6.32 Theorem. If k and n are natural numbers with (k, d(n)) =I, then there exist positive integers u and v satisfving k...
6.32 Theorem. If k and n are natural numbers with (k, d(n)) =I, then there exist positive integers u and v satisfving ku=(n)u The previous theorem not only asserts that an appropriate exponent is always availahle, but it also tells us how to find it. The numbers u and are solutions lo a lincar Diophantine cquation just like those we studied in Chapter 6.33 Exercisc. Use your observations so far to find solutions to the follow ing congruences. Be sure...
8.5 Theorem. Let s andt be any two different natural numbers with s t. Then (2st. (). is a Pythagorean triple. The prec...
8.5 Theorem. Let s andt be any two different natural numbers with s t. Then (2st. (). is a Pythagorean triple. The preceding theorem lets us easily generale infinitely many Pythagorean triples, but, in fact, cvery primitive Pythagorean triple can be generated by chousing appropriale natural numbers s and and making the Pythagorean triple as described in the preceding thcorem. As a hint to the proof, we make a little observation. 8.6 Lemma. Let (a, b,e) be a primitive Pythagorean...
Number theory: Part C and Part D please! QUADRA range's Four-Square Theorem) If n is a natural be expressed as t...
Number theory: Part C and Part D please!
QUADRA range's Four-Square Theorem) If n is a natural be expressed as the sum of four squares. insmber, then n cam be expressed tice Λ in 4-space is a set of the form t(x,y, z, w). M:x,y,z, w Z) matrix of nonzero determinant. The covolume re M is a 4-by-4 no is defined to be the absolute value of Det M such a lattice, of covolume V, and let S be the...
Please prove the 3 theorems, thank you! 7.6 Theorem. Let p be a prime. Then half the numbers not congruent to 0 modulo p...
Please prove the 3 theorems,
thank you!
7.6 Theorem. Let p be a prime. Then half the numbers not congruent to 0 modulo p in any complete nesidue system modulo p are quadratic residuess modulo p and half are quadratic non-residues modulo p. From clementary school days, we have known that the product of a pos- itive number and a positive number is positive, a positive times a negative is negative, and the product of two negative numbers is positive....
Ciule jolh! PMF and the marginal PMFs? 6.14 Let X and Y be discrete random variables. Show that t...
ciule jolh! PMF and the marginal PMFs? 6.14 Let X and Y be discrete random variables. Show that the function p: R2 R defined by p(r, y) px(x)pr(y) is a joint PMF by verifying that it satisfies properties (a)-(c) of Proposition 6.1 on page 262. Hint: A subset of a countable set is countable CHAPTER SIX Joindy Discrete Random Variables 6.2 Joint and marginal PMFs of the discrete random variables x numher of bedrooms and momber of bwthrooms of a...
please prove lemma and
theorems. 8.17 is not needed, thank you
8.15 Lemma. Let p be a prime and let a be a natural number not divisible by p. Then there exist integers x and y such that ax y (mod p) with 0xl.lyl 8.16 Theorem. Let p be a prime such that p (mod 4). Thenp is equal to the sum of two squares of natural numbers. (Hinl: Iry applying the previous lemma to a square root of- mohulo...
please prove proofs and do
7.4
7.2 Theorem. Let p be a prime, and let b and e be integers. Then there exists a linear change of variahle, yx+ with a an integer truns- farming the congruence xbx e0 (mod p) into a congruence of the farm y (mod p) for some integer 8 Our goal is to understand which integers are perfect squares of other inte- gers modulo a prime p. The first theorem below tells us that half...
8.20 Question. Which natural mumbers can be written as the sum of two squares of natural raumbers? State and prove the mast general theorem possible about which natural numbers can be written as the sum of two suares of nutural numbers, and prove it. We give the most gencral result next. 8.21 Theorem. A natural number n can be written as a sum of two squares of natural mumbers if and only if every prime congruent to 3 modulo 4...
7.23 Theorem. Let p be a prime congruent to 3 modulo 4. Let a be a natural number with 1 a< p-1. Then a is a quadrutic residue modulo pif and only ifp-a is a quadratic non-residue modulo p. 7.24 Theorem. Let p be a prime of the form p odd prime. Then p 3 (mod 4). 241 where q is an The next theorem describes the symmetry between primitive roots and quadratic residues for primes arising from odd Sophie...
please prove the theorems,
thank you very much
8.21 Theorem. A natural numbern can be written as a sum of two squares of natural numbers if and only if every prime congruent to 3 modulo 4 in the unique prime factorization of n occurs to an even power Pythagorean triples revisited We are now in a position to describe the possible values for the hypotenuse in a primitive Pythagorean triple. 8.22 Theorem. If (a, h, e) is a primitive Pythagorean...
6.32 Theorem. If k and n are natural numbers with (k, d(n)) =I, then there exist positive integers u and v satisfving ku=(n)u The previous theorem not only asserts that an appropriate exponent is always availahle, but it also tells us how to find it. The numbers u and are solutions lo a lincar Diophantine cquation just like those we studied in Chapter 6.33 Exercisc. Use your observations so far to find solutions to the follow ing congruences. Be sure...
8.5 Theorem. Let s andt be any two different natural numbers with s t. Then (2st. (). is a Pythagorean triple. The preceding theorem lets us easily generale infinitely many Pythagorean triples, but, in fact, cvery primitive Pythagorean triple can be generated by chousing appropriale natural numbers s and and making the Pythagorean triple as described in the preceding thcorem. As a hint to the proof, we make a little observation. 8.6 Lemma. Let (a, b,e) be a primitive Pythagorean...
Number theory: Part C and Part D please!
QUADRA range's Four-Square Theorem) If n is a natural be expressed as the sum of four squares. insmber, then n cam be expressed tice Λ in 4-space is a set of the form t(x,y, z, w). M:x,y,z, w Z) matrix of nonzero determinant. The covolume re M is a 4-by-4 no is defined to be the absolute value of Det M such a lattice, of covolume V, and let S be the...
Please prove the 3 theorems,
thank you!
7.6 Theorem. Let p be a prime. Then half the numbers not congruent to 0 modulo p in any complete nesidue system modulo p are quadratic residuess modulo p and half are quadratic non-residues modulo p. From clementary school days, we have known that the product of a pos- itive number and a positive number is positive, a positive times a negative is negative, and the product of two negative numbers is positive....
ciule jolh! PMF and the marginal PMFs? 6.14 Let X and Y be discrete random variables. Show that the function p: R2 R defined by p(r, y) px(x)pr(y) is a joint PMF by verifying that it satisfies properties (a)-(c) of Proposition 6.1 on page 262. Hint: A subset of a countable set is countable CHAPTER SIX Joindy Discrete Random Variables 6.2 Joint and marginal PMFs of the discrete random variables x numher of bedrooms and momber of bwthrooms of a...
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