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For a process to be spontaneous: the entropy of universe increases and Gibbs energy of the system decreases. a) the entropy o

why are the other options wrong?

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Answer #1

According to second law of thermodynamics the entropy of the universe in any spontaneous process increases. However, it is difficult to consider the whole universe, thus free energy of system of system is considered as the criteria for determining the spontaneity of a process. For a process to be spontaneous the free energy of the system should decreaes that is value of ∆G should be zero. Hence, in any spontaneous process the entropy of system increases or Gibbs free energy of system decreases. So, option A is correct.

All other options are incorrect since atleast one or both factors are opposite of the actual reason.

In option 2 entropy of system has been considerd instead of entropy of universe Gibbs free energy is said to increase

In.option c entropy of system not universe is considered. The entropy of system may increase or decrease but overall change in entropy of universe should be increase

In option d Gibbs free energy is said to increase

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