Question

Based on the table below, higher physical workloads were associated with reduced birthweights in the unadjusted analyses, but not in Model 2 (adjusted for physiological factors and lifestyle & sociodemographic factors). What is the best explanation for this difference?

Univariate Model 1 Model 2b b (SE) Adjusted R2 b (SE) P Adjusted R Adjusted R2 Weekly working hours 0.004 0.242 0.282 2639 588 905 3003 72 (21) <.001 14 (19)47 0 (unemployed) 8-23 (Ref) 24-31 2 32 -5 (19) 10 (22) 65 43 (19) -7 (25) 75 8 (22) .65 87 (21 <001 19 (13) 17 (18) 44 (19 .02 2 (12 .86 19 (16) 21 02 Weekly standing/walking hours 0.001 0.250 0.281 0 (unemployed) 10 (Ref) 10-19 2 20 2639 2607 948 861 15 9 (13)47 19 (15) 18 (19) 21 40 (23) -12 (20) 69 Physical workload 0.002 0.265 0.282 2639 2455 1554 455 6 (13) None (unemployed) Low (Ref Moderate 39 (14) <.01 -3 (13) 81 1 (16 <01 20 (14) 40 (21) 16 (14) 24 75 (24) <.01 34 (14) 21 (15) 21 (22)32 2 (14)93 14 (13) 24 Job strain 0.002 0.242 0.280 None (unemployed) Low (Ref) Moderate 2639 2147 2014 02 -13 (13) 38 17 -17 (13) -70 (26) 21 296-115 (30 <,001 01 72 (26) <01 Note. Sample sizes differ slightly because of missing values. The residuals from all models were normally distributed, and variances were homogeneous. The unstandardized parameter estimate (b) represents the change in birthweight relative to the reference group. Adjusted for parity, infant gender, pregnancy duration (linear and quadratic), and for maternal age, height, and preexisting hypertension and diabetes. Adjusted for the same variables as model 1 as well as for marital status, educational level, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol use, prepregnancy body mass index (linear and quadratic), and parenting stress. The self-administered, validated Dutch version of the Job Content Questionnaire was used to measure job strain.

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Adjusted R^2 is higher than other models : signifies that the explanatory variables used in model 2 after adjustment and transformation, they have led to better explanation of the variation in the target variable, where as that is not the case for model 1.

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