Question

1. What are some common treatments for removing, or making less evident, scar tissue on skin? What are the proposed mechanisms on how these treatments would work?

2. Discuss stem cell therapy as a method of regenerating areas of injury that normally would be replaced by scar tissue, such as the brain or heart. What is the current status of research in this area?

3. Discuss somatic cell reprogramming with transcription factors and microRNA for cardiac tissue regeneration in animals.

4. What is the treatment for scar tissue in soft tissue areas around joints and ligaments (contractures)?

Answer 1

1, common treatment for removal of scar tissue and skin:

- corticosteroid or antihistamines creams

- surgery ( skin grafting, excision or lasar surgery)

- injection ( steroids)

- lasar surgery

Mechanism of work:

Anything more than a superficial injury in the skin make scar formation..it make causes in physical and psychological morbidity..scaring results from abnormal deposition and organization of collagen cutaneous scar..The mechanism for this scar-free and scar forming healing at the molecular, biochemical and cellular level..

The production of pathological scar takes place during the process of wound healing..there is cellular and molecular processes involved in normal wound healing..

There are 3 stages in wound healing mechanism called inflammation, proliferation and remodeling..neutrophils and macrophages are essential for wound healing.. phagocytic clearance of debris was slower and fibroblasts able to perform phagocytosis of dead cells and debris..T cells play a major role in release of cytokinesis and growth factors.. Eosinophils secreting TGF- a..In proliferative phase construct granulation tissue to fill the defect caused by the wound..

2, There are many different types of stem cells in the body..There is potential to rebuild damaged tissue in bone, spinal cord and heart tissue..Current research in stem cell therapy in chronic conditions like heart disease also reasuring..when the person having injury stem cells go to the injured part and start healing..when it was not happen in some cases the stem cells area harvested from the body and injected in the injured part..After harvesting is done, the separation of the stem cells is made by spinning them through centrifuges..then there is reintroduced to the patient , when there is less blood supply and oxygen to the heart it cause scar tissue formation..This scar tissue can change the blood pressure,when stem cells therapy introduced helps stimulate repair and it make new growth of blood vessels tissue and generate heart muscle to grow new tissue..