Question

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QUIZ 3 - PARTI-FILL IN THE BLANKS CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM The cardiovascular system is made up of What are the three types of blood vessels? How much blood is in the body? The human heart weighs What are the three layers of the heart? and is roughly the size of RESPIRATORY SYSTEM What is respiration? What are the three divisions of the pharynx? What is the diaphragm? What is a pneumonectomy? What are pulmonary function tests (PFTs)? BLOOD SYSTEM What is the primary function of blood? What are erythrocytes (thrombocytes) Name the four major plasma proteins leukocytes , and platelets Name the four blood types LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS What is lymph? What are three functions of the lymphatic system? and what are its four functions Where is the spleen located? What are 3 types of Immunotherapy (use of antibodies, B cells and T cells to treat disease such as cancer)?

Answer 1

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

1. cardiovascular system is made up of heart and blood vessels

2.Three types of blood vessels are arteries , veins and capilaries.

3. Amount of blood is approximately 4.7 to 5.5 litres.

4. human heart weight is about 350 grams and is the size of a fist

5. three layers of heart are epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1.respiration means exchange of gas in and out of the lungs

2. Three division of pharynx are nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

3.diaphragm is a skeletal muscele that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen.

4. pneumonectomy means surgical removal of a part of a lung or the entire lung.

5. pulmonary function test helps to understand about the working of the lungs. It is a non invasive test and measures the lung capacity, lung volume, and gaseous exchange.

BLOOD SYSTEM

1. Primary function of blood

• Transports oxygen and nutrients to various tissues.
• transports waste materials to kidneys for excreation.
• carries hormones from endocrine glands to various tissues.
• clotting factors present in the blood helps to protect against haemorrhage

2. erythrocytes are circular, biconcave, disc shaped cells. theyare also known as red blood corpuscles. they doesn't have nucleus.It helps mainly in transport of oxygen between cells and also maintains acid base balance of the body. RBC is synthesised in the bone marrow at the end of long and short bones and the average life span of RBC is 120 days.

3. leucocytes( WBC)- white blood cells or leucocytes are colourless cells containing a nucleus. In size they arebigger than RBC.WBC can be classified into granulocytes and agranulocytes. main functions of WBC is pprotection of body against infection.helps in the repair of injured tissues.

4. platelets or thrombocytes- these are round or oval in shape with biconvex surface.platelet does not have a nucleus. produced by giant cells of bone marrow. main function is helping in blood clotting. helps the body to fight against bacteria.

5.Four major plasma protiens are

• Albumin- It is synthesised in the liver. helps to maintain osmotic pressure of blood.
• Globulin- It is produced in lymphoid tissues. Itis of three types alpha, beta and gamma.It produces antibodies and immune substances.
• Fibrinogen- It is synthesised in the liver. Helps in coagulation of blood.
• Regulatory protiens- consist of hormones,enzymes and proenzymes.

6. Four blood types are A,AB,B and O .

LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEM

1.Lymph- Lymph is a tissue fluid formed by the passage of substances from blood capillaries into tissue spaces.

2. Three functions of lymhatic system

• lymphatic system carry waste products from tissue to blood.
• lymphatics drain excess fluid from tissue to thecirculation.
• lymph nodes protects the body against infection by filtering and destroying bacteria.

3. spleen is located in the left side of the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm.It measures about 12 cm.

Functions of spleen

• RBC is destroyed in the spleen.
• spleen serves as a reservoir of blood
• It produces antibiotics.
• Histocytes of spleen ingest and destroyforeign particles including bacteria

Three types of immunotherapy

• T -cells transfer therapy
• Immune check point inhititors
• monoclonal antibiotics like rituximab,blinatumomab