Question

Select the mechanism(s) where the concentration of

Select the mechanism(s) where the concentration of the nucleophile has no effect on the reaction rate.

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Answer #1
Concepts and reason

The problem involves the determination of the dependence of the nucleophile on the reaction rate. The mechanism of various reactions is studied to determine the effect.

Fundamentals

reaction: It stands for substitution nucleophilic unimolecular reaction. The reaction is a two-step reaction. The first step involves the removal of halide ion to form carbocation. The attack of nucleophile occurs in the second step.

reaction: It stands for substitution nucleophilic bimolecular reaction. The reaction is a single step and the removal of halide ion and the attack of the incoming nucleophile occurs in the same step.

E1 reaction: It stands for elimination reaction following first order kinetics. It is a two-step reaction. The first step involves the removal of halide ion to form carbocation. The abstraction of hydrogen occurs in the second step.

E2 reaction: It stands for elimination reaction following second order kinetics. In E2 reaction, the base abstracts the hydrogen and removal of the leaving group simultaneously in the same step.

The rate of reaction depends only on the concentration of the haloalkane (alkyl halide).

Rate = k[RX]

The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the haloalkane (alkyl halide) as well as the nucleophile.

Rate = k[RX][Nu]

The rate of reaction depends only on the concentration of the haloalkane (alkyl halide).

The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the haloalkane (alkyl halide) as well as the base.

Rate = k[RX][B]

Therefore, the mechanisms that has no effect on the reaction rate are Syland E1
.

Ans:

Therefore, the mechanisms which has no effect on the reaction rate are as follows:

SN1
SN2
E1
E2

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