Question

Which of the following interactions can contribute to the intrinsic binding energy during enzymatic catalysis? Choose all that apply.

- hydrogen bonding

- permanent covalent bonding

- electrostatic interactions

- van der Waals interactions

- nucleophilic attack by serine

Answer 1

Concepts and reason

The concept used in solving the problem is intrinsic binding between the molecules during catalysis of enzymes. With the help of enzymes the catalysis of any reaction occurs that forms certain products. Thus, there are certain binding between the molecules that possess such reactions.

Fundamentals

Intrinsic binding is described as the interactions between functional groups of the enzyme and substrate or the inhibitors. The catalysis of enzyme is called as an increase in the chemical reactions rate with the help of the protein’s active site. Thus, a catalyst is called as a chemical that helps in increasing the chemical reactions rate without undergoing itself any change.

Covalent bonds are the type of chemical bonds. These bondings are the strongest bonds that occur between those atoms that have similar electronegativities. It requires a large amount of energy for breaking these bonds. These are permanent and irreversible.

Serine endopeptidases or proteases are the enzymes that serve in cleaving the peptide bonds present in proteins. It serves as an amino acid that is nucleophilic in its active site. There is presence of a hydroxyl group in serine that helps in attacking as a nucleophile. It attacks the carbonyl carbon of the substrate’s scissile peptide bond.

Hydrogen bond is known as the dipole-dipole interaction. It is formed between an electronegative oxygen or nitrogen atom and a hydrogen atom. It is a type of organocatalytic where, these hydrogen bonds are used for accelerating and controlling the organic reactions.

Electrostatic interactions are those interactions that occur among and between the anions and cations that possess certain charges. These interactions cane be either repulsive or attractive that depends on the charges they possess.

Vander Waal interactions are those interactions that possess attractions of the electron clouds and nuclei between various atoms. Thus, when the electrons are negatively charged, then, the nucleus is positively charged. These interactions are very weak and help in determining the biological interactions and structures.

Ans:

The interaction that contributes to the intrinsic binding energy during enzyme catalysis is hydrogen bonding.

The interaction that contributes to the intrinsic binding energy during enzyme catalysis is electrostatic interactions.

The interaction that contributes to the intrinsic binding energy during enzyme catalysis is Vander Waal interactions.