Question

2.48

15.9 18.5 18.5 18.5 15.9 21 15 25 15.9 18.5 15.9 Lavender Odor 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 20.7 2.48 Does playing video games improve surgical skill? In lapa- roscopic surgery, a video camera and several thin survey that combines in ions.26 It includes bas questions about topics and prescription medic physical examination 1 including blood press program began in the rently examines a nat er instruments are inserted into the patient's abdominal cavi- ty. The surgeon uses the image from the video camera posi tioned inside the patient's body to perform the procedure by manipulating the instruments that have been inserted The Top Gun Laparoscopic Skills and Suturing Program was developed to help surgeons develop the skill set neces- sary for laparoscopic surgery. Because of the similarity in 0 about 5000 persons any of the skills involved in video games and laparoscopic surgery, it was hypothesized that surgeons with greater prior video game experience might acquire the skills required in laparoscopic surgery more easily. Thirty-three surgeons par ticipated in the study and were classified into the three cat egories-never used, under three hours, and more than three hours-depending on the number of hours they played video games at the height of their video game use. They also performed Top Gun drills and received a score based on the time to complete the drill and the number of errors made, with lower scores indicating better performance. Here are the Top Gun scores and video game categories for the 33 participants: ITOPGUN total cholesterol mea participants in the su To examine chan sider only the 3044 years of age and hav categories 20s, 30s large to print here, Age 30s 20s 20s 40s Total 135 160 299 197 cholesterol The firs olest Never played: 9379 8302 5489 5334 4605 4789 9185 7216 9930 total ch 4828 5655 4623 7778 8837 5947 Under three 5540 6259 5163 6149 4398 3968 7367 4217 5716 hours: to do 7288 4010 4859 4432 4845 5394 2703 5797 3758 (b) ee or more hours Compare the distributions for the three groups. How is prior video game experience related to Top Gun scores? 49 Cholesterol levels and age. The National Health and NHANES) is a unique

Answer 1

To determine how prior video game experience relate to Top Gun scores, we may compare the mean scores for each of the three groups. If the means differ significantly, we have strong evidence to support our claim that a relationship does exist since we may find a clear pattern of decreasing scores across the three groups 'Never played', 'Under 3 hours' and '3 or more hours' respectively.

Let denote the means scores of surgeons belonging to the group 'Never played', 'Under 3 hours' and '3 or more hours' respectively.

To test:

Vs $H_{a}:$ At least one pair of means differ significantly.

We may run a One way ANOVA:

Using excel,

The test statistic here, is F which is the ratio of mean sum of square between groups to that of within groups. The output is obtained as:

Since the p-value of the test 0.014 < 0.05, we do not have enough evidence to support the null hypothesis. We may reject H₀ at 5% level of significance. We may conclude that the mean scores do differ significantly.It implies that video games do have a significant effect on the drill score and hence, on the laparoscopic surgery skills.

Further, from the mean scores, , we find that the third group has the lowest mean score and therefore, we may infer that surgeons with greater prior video experience acquires laparoscopic surgery skills more easily.