Question

Volcanic Hotspots and Seafloor Spreading The figure below is a map of the volcanic islands and seamounts (submerged volcanoes) that form the Hawaiian Islands and the Hawaiian-Emperor Chain. These were formed by a "hot spot" - a relatively stationary hot plume that rises through the earth's mantle and melts part of the overriding plate. Table 1 shows a selection of some of these volcanoes with regard to their age and distance from the active hot spot location. The change in distance and age columns represent the changes in distance and age between each volcano as they were created above the moving plate. Using this data we can calculate the mean velocity of the Pacific Plate as it moved over the hotspot creating these volcanic islands unoute Nto Seanout 0) soneOMETEN ngu Saamount (4 Kako Seamount (48.1) el Seanount Seanount Abboe Seanout (8 Dala 200 Nacer(13 Exposed laland Kaat s00 MILES 250 Pinnacie Ma(13 s00 KLOMETERS 250 Makleta 20 Hot sout ton sun brmng fute and 170 (a) e200 PrEducation in 1. Based on the ages of the islands on the above figure, draw an arrow that shows the general direction in which the plate has been moving. teper Change in age (milllons of years) Velocity of plate (km/million years) Distance Age (millons of years) Volcano Change in distance (km) from active hot spot (km) 1.3 1.3 220 Maui 220 300 3.8 Kauai 520 5.1 5.2 Necker 780 10.3 260 1820 1040 9.7 Laysan 20.0 18.7 3280 38.7 1460 Abbott 480 9.4 3760 48.1 Koko 8.1 690 Nintoku 4450 56.2 4860 59.6 410 3,4 Suiko Table 1. Age, distance from hot spot for selected volcanoes and change in distance and age between each volcano. Plot the distance from the active hot spot and age data from table1 onto the graph below. Once you have plotted the data, add a linear line of best-fit. 2. 20 3000 4000 5000 2000 1000 Distance from active hot spot (km) 3. Assuming velocity Pacific Plate as each volcano was formed using the data provided in table 1. Fill in the change in distance/change in age, calculate the velocity of the results into table 1. 4. What is the mean velocity (km/million years) of the Pacific Plate based on your answers question 3? Show your working. to Age (millions of years)

Answer 1

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velocity of the Pacific Plate as it moved over the hotspot creating these volcanic islands. Mean movement direction Actual movement Exposed laiand so MILER Pne bmng s0 LOETES (a)