Operation Costing; Unit Cost; Cost Flow; Journal Entries
Orbital Industries of Canada, Inc. manufactures a variety of materials and equipment for the aerospace industry. A team of R&D engineers in the firm's Winnipeg plant has developed a new material that will be useful for a variety of purposes in orbiting satellites and spacecraft, Tradenamed Ceralam, the material combines some of the best properties of both ceramics and laminated plastics. Ceralam is already being used for a variety of housings in satellites produced in three different countries. Ceralam sheets are produced in an operation called rolling. in which the various materials are rolled together to form a multilayer laminate. Orbital Industries sells many of these Ceralam sheets just after the rolling operation to aerospace firms worldwide. However, Orbital also processes many of the Ceralam sheets further in the Winnipeg plant. After rolling, the sheets are sent to the molding operation. where they are formed into various shapes used to house a variety of instruments. After molding, the sheets are sent to the punching operation, where holes are punched in the molded sheets to accommodate protruding instruments. electrical conduits. and so forth. Some of the molded and punched sheets are then sold. The remaining units are sent to the dipping operation, in which the molded sheets are dipped in a special chemical mixture to give them a reflective surface.
During the month of March. the following products were manufactured at the Winnipeg plant. The direct-material costs also are shown.
| Units | DirectMaterials Usedin CeralamSheets | DirectMaterials Used in Dipping |
Ceralam sheets (sold after the rolling operation) | 12.000 | $480,000 |
|
Nonreflective housings (sold after the punching operation) | 5,000 | 200,000 |
|
Reflective housings(sold after the dipping operation) | 3,000 | 120,000 | $30,000 |
Total | 20,000 | $800,000 | $30,000 |
The costs incurred in producing the various Ceralam products in the Winnipeg plant during March are shown in the following table. Manufacturing overhead is applied on the basis of direct-labor dollars at the rate of 150 percent.
| Rolling | Molding | Punching | Dipping |
Direct material | $ 800,000 | -0- | -0- | $ 30.000 |
Direct labor | 300,000 | $112,000 | $1 28,000 | 45,000 |
Manufacturing overhead | 450.000 | 168.000 | 192.000 | 67.500 |
Total | $1.550.000 | $280.000 | $320.000 | $142.500 |
Orbital Industries of Canada uses operation costing for its Ceralam operations in the Winnipeg plant
Required:
1. Prepare a table that includes the following information for each of the four operations.
• Total conversion costs.
• Units manufactured.
• Conversion cost per unit.
2. Prepare a second table that includes the following information for each product (i.e., rolledCeralam sheets. nonretlective Ceralam housings. and retlective Ceralam housings).
• Total manufacturing costs.
• Units manufactured.
• Total cost per unit.
3. Prepare journal entries to record the flow of all manufacturing costs through the Winnipeg plant's Ceralam operations during March. (Ignore the journal entries to record sales revenue.)
4. Build a spreadsheet: Construct an Excel spreadsheet to solve requirements 1 and 2 above. Show how the solution will change if the following data change: the cost of direct material used in dipping was $45,000 and the overhead application rate is 200% of direct-labor cost.
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