A W203 x 25 column fixed at both ends has a minimum radius of gyration r = 29.4 mm cross-sectional area A = 3230 mm2 and length 1.94 m. It is made of a material whose compression stress–strain diagram is given in Fig. P11.20 by dashed lines. Find the critical load.The stress–strain diagram may be approximated by a series of tangentlike segments, the accuracy improving as the number of segments increases. For simplicity, use four segments, as indicated in the figure. The modulus of elasticity and various tangent moduli (the slopes) are labeled.
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