The fundamental problem in harnessing nuclear fusion is getting the two particles (say, two deuterons) close enough together for the attractive (but short-range) nuclear force to overcome the Coulomb repulsion. The "bulldozer" method is to heat the particles up to fantastic temperatures, and allow the random collisions to bring them together. A more exotic proposal is muon catalysis, in which we construct a "hydrogen molecule ion," only with deuterons in place of protons, and a muon in place of the electron. Predict the equilibrium separation distance between the deuterons in such a structure, and explain why muons are superior to electrons for this purpose.
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