A few proteins are found to have amino acids other than the 20 we have considered (formally called the “canonical” 20 amino acids) that are in fact incorporated translationally (i.e., not arising by modification after the protein is synthesized). One example is seleocysteine, found, for example, in glutathione peroxidase. Would this amino acid have its own amino acid synthetase? Its own codon? Does this make seleocysteine the “21st amino acid”?
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