Water to a residential area is transported at a rate of 1.5 m3/s via 70-cm-internal-diameter concrete pipes with a surface roughness of 3 mm and a total length of 1500 m. In order to reduce pumping power requirements, it is pro posed to line the interior surfaces of the concrete pipe with 2-cm-thick petroleum-based lining that has a surface rough ness thickness of 0.04 mm. There is a concern that the reduc tion of pipe diameter to 66 cm and the increase in average velocity may offset any gains. Taking ρ = 1000 kg/m3 and v = 1 × 10−6 m2/s for water, determine the percent increase or decrease in the pumping power requirements due to pipe frictional losses as a result of lining the concrete pipes.
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