Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) Electrostatic precipitators are a common form of ai...

Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) Electrostatic precipitators are a common form of air-cleaning device. ESPs are used to remove particle emissions from smoke moving up smokestacks in coal and oil fired electricity-generating plants and pollutants from the boilers in oil refineries. You can buy portable ESPs or whole-house ESPs that connect to the cold-air return on the furnace. These devices remove about 95% of dirt and 85% of microscopic particles from the air. A basic electrostatic precipitator contains a negatively charged horizontal metal grid (made of thin wires) and a stack of large, flat, vertically oriented metal collecting plates, with the plates typically spaced about 1 cm apart (only two plates are shown in Figure 15.32). Air flows across the charged grid of wires and then passes between the stack of plates. A large negative potential difference (tens of thousands of volts) is applied between the wires and the plates, creating sparks that ionize particles in the air around the thin wires. Negatively charged smoke particles flow upward between the plates. The charged particles are attracted to and stick to the oppositely charged plates and are thus removed from the moving gas.

Why are the smoke particles attracted to the closely spaced plates?

(a) The particles are negatively charged.

(b) The particles are positively charged.

(c) The plates are positively charged.

(d) The plates are negatively charged.

(e) a and c are correct.

(f) b and c are correct.