Problem

Let b1 < b2 < … < bφ(m) be the integers between 1 and m that are relatively prime...

Let b1 < b2 < < bφ(m) be the integers between 1 and m that are relatively prime to m (including 1), and let B = b1b2b3 • • • bφ(m) be their product. The quantity B came up during the proof of Euler’s formula.

(a) Show that either B 1 (mod m) or B ≡ ─1 (mod m).


(b) Compute B for some small values of m and try to find a pattern for when it is equal to +1 (mod m) and when it is equal to 1 (mod m). 

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Solutions For Problems in Chapter 10