Land use and population density data are given for several cities in the accompanying table. Estimate the percent imperviousness for each city using two methods: (1) imperviousness as a function of population density and (2) weighted imperviousness as a function of land use. Assume that undeveloped land is the same as “open” in Table, and “other” is 50% institutional and 50% open. (Data sources: Heaney et al., 1977; Sullivan et al., 1978.)
City | Urbanized Area (1000 ac) | Population Density (persons/ac) |
|
| Land Use (percent) |
|
| |
Residential | Commercial | Industrial | Other* | Undeveloped** | Total | |||
Boston, MA | 425 | 6.24 | 38.2 | 5.6 | 9.7 | 11.9 | 34.6 | 100 |
Trenton, NJ | 42 | 6.59 | 39.3 | 5.8 | 10.0 | 12.3 | 32.6 | 100 |
Tallahassee, FL | 19 | 4.06 | 29.1 | 4.3 | 7.4 | 9.1 | 50.1 | 100 |
Houston, TX | 345 | 4.86 | 33.0 | 4.8 | 8.3 | 10.2 | 43.7 | 100 |
Chicago, IL | 626 | 9.13 | 46.0 | 6.8 | 11.7 | 14.3 | 21.2 | 100 |
Denver, CO | 188 | 5.58 | 35.8 | 5.3 | 9.1 | 11.2 | 38.6 | 100 |
San Francisco, CA | 436 | 6.86 | 40.2 | 5.9 | 10.2 | 12.5 | 31.2 | 100 |
Windsor, Ont. | 26 | 7.63 | 38.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 18.7 | 27.3 | 100 |
*"Other" = recreational, schools and colleges, cemeteries.
**High "undeveloped" results from the definition of urbanized area, which includes population densities as low as one person/ac.
Table
Imperviousness by Type of Land Use for Nine Ontario Cities
| Percent Imperviousness | |
Land Use | Average | Range |
Residential | 30 | 22–44 |
Commercial | 81 | 52–90 |
Industrial | 40 | 11–57 |
Institutional | 30 | 17–38 |
Open | 5 | 1–14 |
(Evaluation of the Magnitude and Significance of Pollution from Urban Stormwater Runoff in Ontario, Research Report No. 81, Canada_Ontario Agreement, Environment Canada, 1978. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2012.)
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