A solar collector consists of a horizontal copper tube of outer diameter 5 cm enclosed in a concentric thin glass tube of diameter 12 cm. Water is heated as it flows through the tube, and the annular space between the copper and the glass tubes is filled with air at 1 atm pressure. The emissivities of the tube surface and the glass cover are 0.85 and 0.9, respectively. During a clear day, the temperatures of the tube surface and the glass cover are measured to be 60°C and 40°C, respectively. Determine the rate of heat loss from the collector by natural convection and radiation per meter length of the tube.
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