If a cylindrical rod of nickel 100.00 mm long and 8.000 mm in diameter is heated from 20°C to 200°C while its ends are maintained rigid, determine its change in diameter. You may want to consult Table 7.1.
Table 17.1 Thermal Properties for a Variety of Materials
Material | cp(J/kg K)a | αl [(°C)–1 × 10–6]b | k (W/m K)c | L [Ω W/(K)2 × 10–8] |
Aluminum | 900 | 23.6 | 247 | 2.20 |
Copper | 386 | 17.0 | 398 | 2.25 |
Gold | 128 | 14.2 | 315 | 2.50 |
Iron | 448 | 11.8 | 80 | 2.71 |
Nickel | 443 | 13.3 | 90 | 2.08 |
Silver | 235 | 19.7 | 428 | 2.13 |
Tungsten | 138 | 4.5 | 178 | 3.20 |
1025 Steel | 486 | 12.0 | 51.9 | — |
316 Stainless steel | 502 | 16.0 | 15.9 | — |
Brass (70Cu–30Zn) | 375 | 20.0 | 120 | — |
Kovar (54Fe–29Ni–17Co) | 460 | 5.1 | 17 | 2.80 |
Invar (64Fe–36Ni) | 500 | 1.6 | 10 | 2.75 |
Super Invar (63Fe–32Ni–5Co) | 500 | 0.72 | 10 | 2.68 |
Ceramics | ||||
Alumina (Al2O3) | 775 | 7.6 | 39 | — |
Magnesia (MgO) | 940 | 13.5d | 37.7 | — |
Spinel (MgAl2O4) | 790 | 7.6d | 15.0e | — |
Fused silica (SiO2) | 740 | 0.4 | 1.4 | — |
Soda–lime glass | 840 | 9.0 | 1.7 | — |
Borosilicate (Pyrex) glass | 850 | 3.3 | 1.4 | — |
Polymers | ||||
Polyethylene (high density) | 1850 | 106–198 | 0.46–0.50 | — |
Polypropylene | 1925 | 145–180 | 0.12 | — |
Polystyrene | 1170 | 90–150 | 0.13 | — |
Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) | 1050 | 126–216 | 0.25 | — |
Phenol-formaldehyde, phenolic | 1590–1760 | 122 | 0.15 | — |
Nylon 6,6 | 1670 | 144 | 0.24 | — |
Polyisoprene | — | 220 | 0.14 | — |
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