Energetics and Control of the Citric Acid Cycle
REFLECT AND APPLY Some reactions of the citric acid cycle are end-ergonic. Show how the overall cycle is exergonic. (See Table)
Table The Energetics of Conversion of Pyruvate to CO2
Step | Reaction | ΔG°' | |
kJ mol-1 | kcal mol-1 | ||
Pyruvate + CoA-SH + NAD+ → Acetyl-CoA → NADH → CO2 | -33.4 | -8.0 | |
1 | Acetyl-CoA → Oxaloacetate → H2O → Citrate + CoA-SH + H+ | -32.2 | -7.7 |
2 | Citrate → Isocitrate | 16.3 | 11.5 |
3 | Isocitrate → NAD+ → α-Ketoglutarate → NADH → CO2 → H+ | -7.1 | -1.7 |
4 | α-Ketoglutarate → NAD+ → CoA-SH → Succinyl-CoA → NADH → CO2 → H | -33.4 | -8.0 |
5 | Succinyl-CoA + GDP + Pi → Succinate + GTP + CoA-SH | -3.3 | -0.8 |
6 | Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH2 | ~0 | ~0 |
7 | Fumarate + H2O → L-Malate | -3.8 | -0.9 |
8 | L-Malate + NAD+ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ | 129.2 | 17.0 |
Overall: Pyruvate + 4NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O → CO2 + 4NADH + FADH2 + GTP + 4H+ | -77.7 | -18.6 | |
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