The schizophrenia is a psychological illness caused due to the imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain. Some viral infected cells often do produce schizophrenic etiological aspects in some patients.
The possible prenatal risk factor for prospective incidence of schizophrenia is maternal exposure to flu viruses such as influenza virus. This virus may cause alteration in neurotransmitter synthesis in prenatal brains. About 1% of the US population is suffering from schizophrenia. Excessive activity of dopaminergic neurons is associated with the physiology of schizophrenia.
The theories of aetiology of schizophrenia include delusions, hallucinations and manic attacks. The treatment outcome of schizophrenia may become negative if the expressed emotions are at high levels with significant attitudes, intrusiveness. According to diathesis –model, inherited genetic factors may also trigger schizophrenia in some patients.
Treatment outcomes may be not influenced by emotional scapegoating or family enmeshment.
Thus, the options (b), (c) and (d) are incorrect.
The theories of aetiology of schizophrenia include delusions, hallucinations and manic attacks. The treatment outcome of schizophrenia may become negative if the expressed emotions are at high levels with significant attitudes, intrusiveness.
Therefore, the correct option is – a). expressed emotion.