A. This is an inference. The paragraph that follows does not specifically address these three points.
B. This is an inference. References to data are provided, but the specific levels are not stated.
C. This is an assumption. The text does not provide evidence or indicate what percentages of people have the image of older adults as poor and living on social security.
D. This is an observation. The data that support this conclusion are presented; thus it is a fact.
E. This is an assumption. Papalia et al. do not present research results or explanations to support the statement about people’s stereotypes regarding infirmity or idleness.