44. Use the PDR® to find another product name for each drug in the Representative Drugs ta...

Category, Nameb, Route

Uses and Diseases

Actions

Usual Dosec and Special Instructions

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Hormones

Levothyroxine sodium(Synthroid, Levothroid, Cytomel, Thyrolar)

Oral

Hypothyroid conditions such as cretinism, myxedema, goiter, mild hypothy-roidism, surgical removal of thyroid gland

Is a synthetic thyroid hormone replacement; stimulates metabolism

Maintenance: 25–100 mcg po daily in single dose, increase by 50–100 mcg po every 1 to 4 weeks until desired response occurs

Headache, palpitations, sleeplessness, weight loss, nervousness, tachycardia, hypertension

Glucagon Subcutaneous, IM, IV

Severe insulin reaction; hypoglycemia

Raises blood sugar by stimulating liver to convert glycogen to glucose

0.5-1 mg; may be repeated 1 or 2 times as ordered

Nausea, vomiting, rash, dizziness

Vasopressin tannate (Pitressin) Subcutaneous, IM

Diabetes insipidus

Replaces ADH of pituitary, promotes reabsorption of water in kidneys

5–10 units IM or subcut, 2–3 times a day

Tremor, dizziness, headache, bradycardia, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting

Somatropin (Humatrope) Subcutaneous, IM

Growth failure due to growth hormone deficiency

Stimulates growth

Up to 0.06 mg/kg subcut, or IM 3 times a week with minimum 48 hours between doses

Pain at site of injection, headache, localized muscle pain, weakness, intolerance to cold, weight gain, dry skin and hair

Corticosteroids

Fluticasone(Flonase) Aerosol, topical

Asthma Dermatitis

Suppresses inflammation and immune response

88–440 mcg bid Apply cream sparingly to affected area 2–4 times daily

Epistaxis, nasal burning, pharyngitis, irritation of nasal mucous membranes, sneezing, runny nose, nasal dryness, nasal congestion, headache, dizziness, urticaria

Prednisone(Deltasone) Oral

Hormone replacement, inflammatory diseases (e.g., arthritis, dermatitis), lymphatic cancer, allergies, ulcerative colitis, kidney disease

Suppresses inflammation and immune response, stimulates bone marrow, influences protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism

2.5–15 mg po 2, 3, or 4 times a day, depending on specific disease, adjusted to lowest effective maintenance level; never abruptly discontinue drug; maintenance dose may be given daily or every other day

Euphoria, insomnia, edema, hypokalemia, GI upset (peptic ulcer), rounded (moon) face, delayed wound healing, weight gain, muscle weakness

Dexamethasone (Decadron) Oral, I V, IM

Hormone replacement, inflammatory diseases (e.g., arthritis, dermatitis), lymphatic cancer, allergies, ulcerative colitis, kidney disease, cerebral edema

Suppresses inflammation and immune response; stimulates bone marrow; influences protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism

0.25–4 mg po 2, 3, or 4 times a day depending on specific disease; never abruptly discontinue

Euphoria, insomnia, edema, hypokalemia, GI upset (peptic ulcer), rounded (moon) face, delayed wound healing, weight gain, muscle weakness

Oral Hypoglycemics

Metformin(Glucophage) Oral

Type 2

diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Stimulates release of insulin from beta cells in islets of Langerhans in pancreas

500 mg bid; one with the morning and one with the evening meal; 850 mg daily with the morning meal; 500 mg XR daily with the evening meal; 1,000 mg XR daily with the evening meal

Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating, lightheadedness, headache, asthenia, rash

Glyburide (DiaBeta, Micronase) Oral

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Stimulates release of insulin from beta cells in islets of Langerhans in pancreas

2.5–5 mg po daily with breakfast

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, f latulence, anorexia, diarrhea or constipation