Problem

Use the PDR® to locate another product name for each of the urinary antibacterials listed...

Use the PDR® to locate another product name for each of the urinary antibacterials listed in the Representative Drugs table on page 348–349 of this text.

Representative Drugs for the Urinary System and Fluid Imbalances
Category, Namea, and Route	Uses and Diseases	Actions	Usual Doseb and Special Instructions	Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Urinary Antiseptics/Antibacterials/Analgesics
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Oral, IV	Urinary tract infections; respiratory, bone, and skin infections	Inhibits DNA gyrase	250–500 mg po every 12 hours; 400 mg IV every 12 hours	Nausea, headache, diarrhea, rash
Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) Oral, IV	Urinary tract infections, otitis media, bronchitis, traveler’s diarrhea	Blocks two consecutive steps in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins essential for many bacteria	1-2 double-strength (DS) tablets taken in one dose; 2 regular-strength tablets, or 4 teaspoons (20 mL) of suspension, every 12 hours for 10–14 days. Do not give if patient is allergic to sulfa	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, anorexia, blood disorders, headache
Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin, Macrodantin) Oral	Urinary tract infections	Interferes with bacterial enzyme systems	50–100 mg tid or qid; give with food or milk to avoid gastric irritation; rinse mouth after giving liquid form to avoid staining teeth	Anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, may turn urine brown or darker
Cefadroxil monohydrate (Duricef, Ultracef) Oral	Urinary tract infections	Inhibits cell wall synthesis	500 mg daily	Nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia
Ampicillin (Omnipen, Principen) Oral, IV	Urinary tract infections (pyelonephritis)	Is bactericidal; inhibits cell wall formation	1–4 g po daily q 4 hours	Rash, itching, shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) Oral	Pain with urinary tract irritation or infection	Anesthetizes mucous membranes of urinary tract	100–200 mg tid p.c.	Headache, vertigo, orange discoloration of urine
Diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide(Hydrodiuril) Oral	Edema, hypertension	Increases sodium and water excretion, lowers blood pressure	25–100 mg 1 or 2 times daily; give early in day because of increased urination; monitor weight and fluid intake/output	Gastric irritation, muscle weakness, hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension, pancreatitis
Furosemide(Lasix) Oral, IM, IV	Edema, hypertension, chronic renal failure	Is a potent loop diuretic; inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride	20–80 mg po initially and then gradually increased to 600 mg/day in patients with severely edematous states	Dizziness, headache, dehydration, anemia, leukopenia (decreased white blood cells), rash, orthostatic hypotension, hypokalemia
Triamterene (Dyrenium) Oral	Edema	Conserves potassium and excretes sodium	Individualized; 100 mg bid after meals; avoid excessive intake of potassium-rich foods	Nausea, vomiting, weakness, rash, dry mouth, hypotension, dizziness
Replacement Electrolytes
Potassium (K-Lyte, Slow-K, Kaon) Oral	Potassium deficiency	Is a potassium ion replacement	20 mEq/day for prevention of hypokalemia; 40–100 mEq/day or more for treatment of potassium depletion	Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distress, hyperkalemia, phlebitis

aTrade names given in parentheses are examples only. Check current drug references for a complete listing of available products.

bAverage adult doses are given. However, dosages are determined by a physician and vary with the purpose of the therapy and the particular patient. The doses presented in this text are for general information only.