In this hands-on project, you examine X Windows configuration utilities, start X Windows using various methods, switch desktop environments, and explore the compiz window manager.
1. Switch to a command-line terminal (tty2) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2 and log in to the terminal using the user name of root and the password of secret.
2. At the command prompt, type ls /etc/X11 and press Enter. Is there an xorg.conf file present in this directory by default? Why?
3. At the command prompt, type yum install system-config-display and press Enter. Press y when prompted to install the necessary packages from the Internet, and press y again (if necessary) to confirm the GPG key used for authentication.
4. Switch to the gdm by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 or Ctrl+Alt+F7 and log in to the GNOME Desktop Environment as user1.
5. Open a Terminal application and type system-config-display at the BASH shell prompt. Supply the root password of secret when prompted and click OK. Navigate the three tabs within this utility and note your default resolution and color depth, as well as your video card and monitor model. Optionally, make a change to your resolution and color depth that are supported by your video card and monitor. Click OK when finished, and click OK again to close the information dialog window indicating that a new xorg.conf file has been written.
6. Switch back to tty2 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2, type ls /etc/X11 at the command prompt, and press Enter. Is there an xorg.conf file present in this directory now? Why?
7. At the command prompt, type less /etc/X11/xorg.conf and press Enter. View the information about your keyboard, video card, and monitor, and press q to quit when finished.
8. At the command prompt, type mouse-test and press Enter. Observe the output and press Ctrl+c when finished.
9. Switch to the gdm by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 or Ctrl+Alt+F7, and type systemconfig- keyboard at the BASH shell prompt in the Terminal window. Supply the root password of secret when prompted and click OK. Observe your default keyboard layout and click OK.
10. Log out of the GNOME Desktop Environment when finished.
11. At the gdm, click sample user one and then choose KDE from the Session dialog box. Supply the password of secret for user1 and click Log In to log in to the KDE Desktop Environment.
12. Click the f start button in the lower left of the screen and navigate to Applications, System, Terminal to open a BASH shell terminal. At the prompt, type cat ~/.dmrc and press Enter. Did the gdm record your latest desktop environment preference as KDE?
13. Click the f start button again and click Leave and then Logout. Click Logout again to return to the gdm.
14. At the gdm, click sample user one. Is KDE listed as the default session in the Session dialog box? Choose GNOME from the Session dialog box, supply the password of secret for user1, and click Log In to log in to the GNOME Desktop Environment.
15. Click the System menu and select Preferences, Desktop Effects. If your video card has 3D hardware acceleration support, select Compiz, click Use this setting when prompted, and select the two standard desktop effects. If you instead receive an error message indicating the lack of 3D support on your video card, skip to Step 17.
16. Hold down the Ctrl and Alt keys on your keyboard. While holding them down, use your cursor keys to move the desktop cube left and right. Next, while holding down the Ctrl and Alt keys, drag the menu bar using your mouse to view the entire desktop cube. Next, open an application of your choice. Click and hold the upper-left corner of the window and drag it around your desktop to view the window effect. Next, minimize your application and then log out of the GNOME Desktop Environment.
17. Switch back to tty2 by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2, type init 3 at the command prompt, and press Enter. Press Enter again to obtain your command.
18. At the command prompt, type startx and press Enter. Close any root user warning dialog boxes. Why was GNOME started? Log out of the GNOME Desktop Environment.
19. At the command prompt, type vi .xinitrc and press Enter. Add the line exec startkde to the .xinitrc file, save your changes, and quit the vi editor.
20. At the command prompt, type startx and press Enter. Close any root user warning dialog boxes. Why was KDE started? Log out of the KDE Desktop Environment.
21. At the command prompt, type gdm and press Enter to start the GNOME Display Manager in runlevel 3. What is another way to start the gdm?
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