Liquid hydrogen is flowing through an insulated pipe (k = 23 W/m·K, Di = 3 cm, Do = 4 cm, and L = 20 m). The pipe is situated in a chemical plant, where the average air temperature is 40°C. The convection heat transfer coefficients of the liquid hydrogen and the ambient air are 200 W/m2·K and 50 W/m2·K, respectively. If the outer surface temperature of the insulated pipe is 5°C, determine the thickness of the pipe insulation (k = 0.6 W/m·K) in order to keep the liquid hydrogen flowing at an average temperature of –300°C.
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