Problem

Consider a double-pipe heat exchanger with a tube diameter of 10 cm and negligible tube th...

Consider a double-pipe heat exchanger with a tube diameter of 10 cm and negligible tube thickness. The total thermal resistance of the heat exchanger was calculated to be 0.025 ºC/W when it was first constructed. After some prolonged use, fouling occurs at both the inner and outer surfaces with the fouling factors 0.00045 m2•ºC/W and 0.00015 m2•ºC/W, respectively. The percentage decrease in the rate of heat transfer in this heat exchanger due to fouling is

(a) 2.3%

(b) 6.8%

(c) 7.1%

(d) 7.6%

(e) 8.5%

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