Freeze plugs. The internal combustion gasoline engines used in automobiles produce much...

Freeze plugs. The internal combustion gasoline engines used in automobiles produce much heat, which is mostly a nuisance and must be removed from the engine to prevent deformation and melting. The heat is carried away by a cooling system, typically using a fluid that flows through the walls of the engine block and out to a radiator, where flowing air cools the fluid. The fluid is mostly water with a mix of chemicals to prevent the fluid from freezing in cold climates when the engine is not in use. Freeze plugs, a standard part of any engine block, are brass alloy plugs that are pressed into holes in the engine block (Fig. P14.64). In principle, in the event of a hard freeze of the cooling system fluid, the freeze plugs will pop out and prevent the engine block from cracking. (a) Consider a carelessly maintained engine that has only water in its cooling system. On a cold winter night in Chicago, the water becomes frozen. How much pressure is exerted on a freeze plug? (b) If the freeze plug is 5.0 cm in diameter, how much force is exerted on the plug by the frozen water?