Problem

For a, b ∈ Z,define a ~ b if and only if a2 − b2 is divisible by 3.(a) Prove that ~ define...

For a, b ∈ Z,define a ~ b if and only if a2 − b2 is divisible by 3.

(a) Prove that ~ defines an equivalence relation on Z.
(b) What is ?
(c) What is ?

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Solutions For Problems in Chapter 4.5

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