The American chemist Robert S. Mulliken suggested a different definition for the electrone...

The American chemist Robert S. Mulliken suggested a different definition for the electronegativity (EN) of an element, given by

where IE1 is the first ionization energy and EA is the electron affinity of the element. Calculate the electronegativities of O, F, and Cl using the preceding equation and data from the Chapter 4 Key Skills (pages 138–139). Compare the electronegativities of these elements on the Mulliken and Pauling scales. (To convert to the Pauling scale, divide each EN value by 230 kJ/mol.)